Chapter
BIOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN EUROPE
1. Introduction: from biography to social policy
Understanding life journeys
Social theory and social change
Mobilities and liquidities
Invisible structures of power
Mapping mobile societies with biographical research methods
Social policy and practice in risk societies
Case studies in teaching and learning
2. Suffering the fall of the Berlin Wall: blocked journeys in Spain and Germany
‘Biographical blockage’, and peoples’ experience of it
Memories of a happy childhood
Background: the Spanish welfare process and the promise of higher education
Background: the East German transformation as biographical challenge
No way out and disenchantment
Discussion: the significance of the fall of the Berlin Wall
The pace of social change and biographical requirements of the future
3. Guilty victims: social exclusion in contemporary France
A short story about an empty box
Subjectivity without a subject?
The experienced world of vulnerability
From biography to social policy
4. Premodernity and postmodernity in Southern Italy
5. A tale of class differences in contemporary Britain
The experience of occupational risk in the working class
Middle-class experiences of occupational stress
6. The shortest way out of work
Social death and the injuries to the self
7. Male journeys into uncertainty
Dionysios: a traditional male?
Bernard: reconstructing a male identity
The dimension of emancipation
Love as an emancipatory force
Conclusions and policy making
9. Female identities in late modernity
Rita: working for the family
Marisa: work as self-realisation
Sonia: the risk of paralysis
From tradition to uncertainty. Implications for gender identity and policies
10. Gender and family in the development of Greek state and society
Structural factors in family and individual histories
11. Corporatist structures and cultural diversity in Sweden
Post-Fordism and the welfare state model
Changes in the character of work in the 1990s
Two cases of early retirement
Two cases of unskilled youth
Cultural diversity and business corporations in the 1990s
The Swedish story of postwar immigration
Industrial stories: immigrant labour and cultural diversity
Refugees and the social economy sector
12. ‘Migrants’: a target-category for social policy? Experiences of first-generation migration
The social position of immigrants in ‘modern societies’
The biographical meaning of experiences of migration
‘Migrants’: a target-category for social policy?
13. Second-generation transcultural lives
14. Biographical work and agency innovation: relationships, reflexivity and theory-in-use
1. The Bromley-by-Bow Centre
2. What questions and issues arise?
3. Our conception of the person controls our understanding of the task
15. Conclusions: social transitions and biographical work
The extent of social change
A new design for social policy
Appendix A: Discovering biographies in changing social worlds: the biographical–interpretive method
The use of personal documents in a historical perspective
The principles of hermeneutic case reconstruction
The biographical narrative interview
Hermeneutic case reconstruction
The question of generalisation
Case reconstruction in the field of social policy?
Appendix B: Historicising the ‘socio’, theory, and the constant comparative method
Historicising the ‘socio’
Mistake 1: hoping to discover the typicality of cases
Mistake 2: expecting to start from, or achieve, a common meta-narrative or macro-model
The ‘actual’ as an anomaly for previous (grand or grounded) theory
The abstraction of micro-interactions from their contexts
Our concern for the historical specificity of particular cases
The constant comparative method
Biography and social exclusion in Europe
：Experiences and life journeys
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