Description

A practical guide for graduate students and researchers on all aspects of x-ray scattering experiments on liquid surfaces and interfaces. A practical guide to all aspects of x-ray scattering experiments on liquid surfaces and interfaces, this book enables readers to understand and carry out experimental investigations into molecular ordering at liquid surfaces and interfaces. It is ideal for graduate students and researchers in physics, chemistry, biology and materials science. A practical guide to all aspects of x-ray scattering experiments on liquid surfaces and interfaces, this book enables readers to understand and carry out experimental investigations into molecular ordering at liquid surfaces and interfaces. It is ideal for graduate students and researchers in physics, chemistry, biology and materials science. The availability of synchrotron x-ray sources and the subsequent developments described in this book have led to substantial progress in our understanding of molecular ordering at liquid interfaces. This practical guide enables graduate students and researchers working in physics, chemistry, biology and materials science to understand and carry out experimental investigations into the basic physical and chemical properties of liquid surfaces and interfaces. The book examines the surfaces of bulk liquids, thin wetting films and buried liquid-liquid interfaces. It discusses experiments on simple and complex fluids, including pure water and organic liquids, liquid crystals, liquid metals, electrified liquid-liquid interfaces and interfacial monolayers of amphiphiles, nanoparticles, polymers and biomolecules. A detailed description of the apparatus and techniques required for these experiments is provided, and theoretical approaches to data analysis are described, including approximate methods such as the Master formula, the Born approximation, Parratt's algorithm and the Distorted Wave Approximation. 1. Introduction; 2. Instrumentation; 3. Theory of x-ray scattering from liquid surfaces; 4. Experiments on liquid surfaces and interfaces. '… a real treasure trove for researchers of liquid surfaces and interfaces. Peter Pershan, a founding father and a prime motive in the field of synchrotron x-ray studies of liquid surfaces, and Mark Schlossman, a leading expert in the field, present an admirable combination of a comprehensive, in-depth, exposition of the experimental methods and their underlying theory and data analysis approaches, with a lucid discussion of selected results obtained using these methods. The book's first part is an invaluable guide for researchers wishing to enter the field. The second … is a broad, insightful and inspiring panorama of the field's major achievements, which is a joy to read … the selection … reflects elegantly the authors' wisdom, breadth of view, and 30 years of experience … this volume will find a place of honor on the bookshelves of all researchers … worldwide.' Moshe Deutsch, Bar-Ilan University, Israel 'Anyone interested in learning about the physical properties of liquid surfaces will appreciate this comprehensive treatise that emphasizes synchrotron x-ray scattering methods. The book provides a rigorous approach to scattering theory as well as a practical guide on how to align instruments. Pershan and Schlossman present an excellent summary of our current understanding of the structure and thermal fluctuations observed at liquid interfaces with a wide range of examples extending from simpl