Description

This volume of collected essays explores developing ethics for machines, in contrast to developing ethics for human beings who use machines. The subject of this book is a new field of research: developing ethics for machines, in contrast to developing ethics for human beings who use machines. The essays in this volume represent the first steps by philosophers and artificial intelligence researchers toward explaining why it is necessary to add an ethical dimension to machines that function autonomously. The subject of this book is a new field of research: developing ethics for machines, in contrast to developing ethics for human beings who use machines. The essays in this volume represent the first steps by philosophers and artificial intelligence researchers toward explaining why it is necessary to add an ethical dimension to machines that function autonomously. The new field of machine ethics is concerned with giving machines ethical principles, or a procedure for discovering a way to resolve the ethical dilemmas they might encounter, enabling them to function in an ethically responsible manner through their own ethical decision making. Developing ethics for machines, in contrast to developing ethics for human beings who use machines, is by its nature an interdisciplinary endeavor. The essays in this volume represent the first steps by philosophers and artificial intelligence researchers toward explaining why it is necessary to add an ethical dimension to machines that function autonomously, what is required in order to add this dimension, philosophical and practical challenges to the machine ethics project, various approaches that could be considered in attempting to add an ethical dimension to machines, work that has been done to date in implementing these approaches, and visions of the future of machine ethics research. Part I. The Nature of Machine Ethics: 1. The nature, importance, and difficulty of machine ethics James Moor; 2. Machine metaethics Susan Leigh Anderson; 3. Ethics for machines J. Storrs Hall; Part II. The Importance of Machine Ethics: 4. Why machine ethics? Colin Allen, Wendell Wallach and Iva Smit; 5. Authenticity in the age of digital companions Sherry Turkel; Part III. Issues Concerning Machine Ethics: 6. What matters to a machine? Drew McDermott; 7. Machine ethics and the idea of a more-than-human moral world Steve Torrance; 8. On computable morality: an examination of machines as moral advisors Blay Whitby; 9. When is a robot a moral agent? John Sullins; 10. Philosophical concerns with machine ethics Susan Leigh Anderson; 11. Computer systems: moral ethics but not moral agents Deborah G. Johnson; 12. On the morality of artificial agents Luciano Floridi; 13. Legal rights for machines: some fundamental concepts David J. Calverley; Part IV. Approaches to Machine Ethics: 14. Towards the ethical robot James Gips; 15. Asimov's laws of robotics: implications for information technology Roger Clarke; 16. The unacceptability of Asimov's 'three laws of robotics' as a basis for machine ethics Susan Leigh Anderson; 17. Computational models of ethical reasoning: challenges, initial steps, and future directions Bruce McLaren; 18. Computational neural modeling and the philosophy of ethics: reflections on the particularism-generalism debate Marcello Guarini; 19. Architectures and ethics for robots: constraint satisfaction as a unitary design framework Alan K. Mackworth; 20. Piagetian roboethics via category theory: moving beyon