Description

Describes the physical, plasma and chemical processes controlling ionospheres, upper atmospheres and exospheres, for researchers and graduates. A second edition describing the physical, plasma and chemical processes controlling the behaviour of ionospheres, upper atmospheres and exospheres, and discusses the processes for solving fundamental research problems. Incorporating the latest developments in the field, it is valuable as a reference volume for researchers and a textbook for graduate-level courses. A second edition describing the physical, plasma and chemical processes controlling the behaviour of ionospheres, upper atmospheres and exospheres, and discusses the processes for solving fundamental research problems. Incorporating the latest developments in the field, it is valuable as a reference volume for researchers and a textbook for graduate-level courses. This combination of text and reference book describes the physical, plasma and chemical processes controlling the behaviour of ionospheres, upper atmospheres and exospheres. It summarises the structure, chemistry, dynamics and energetics of the terrestrial ionosphere and other solar system bodies, and discusses the processes, mechanisms and transport equations for solving fundamental research problems. This second edition incorporates new results, model developments and interpretations from the last 10 years. It includes the latest material on neutral atmospheres; the terrestrial ionosphere at low, middle and high latitudes; and planetary atmospheres and ionospheres, where results from recent space missions have yielded fresh data. Appendices outline physical constants, mathematical formulas, transport coefficients, and other important parameters for ionospheric calculations. This is an essential resource for researchers studying ionospheres, upper atmospheres, aeronomy and plasma physics. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate-level courses, with supplementary problem sets, and solutions for instructors at www.cambridge.org/9780521877060. 1. Introduction; 2. Space environment; 3. Transport equations; 4. Collisions; 5. Simplified transport equations; 6. Wave phenomena; 7. Magnetohydrodynamic formulation; 8. Chemical processes; 9. Ionization and energy exchange processes; 10. Neutral atmospheres; 11. The terrestrial ionosphere at middle and low latitudes; 12. The terrestrial ionosphere at high latitudes; 13. Planetary ionospheres; 14. Ionospheric measurement techniques; Appendix A. Physical constants and conversions; Appendix B. Vector relations and operators; Appendix C. Integrals and transformations; Appendix D. Functions and series expansions; Appendix E. System of units; Appendix F. Maxwell transfer equations; Appendix G. Collision models; Appendix H. Maxwell velocity distribution; Appendix I. Semilinear expressions for transport coefficients; Appendix J. Solar fluxes and relevant cross sections; Appendix K. Atmospheric models; Appendix L. Scalars, vectors, dyadics and tensors; Appendix M. Radio wave spectrum; Appendix N. Simple derivation of continuity equation; Appendix O. Numerical solution for F-region ionisation; Index. 'This excellent book's utility as both a graduate-level textbook and reference book for active researchers fills a much-needed niche in presenting the expansive topic of ionospheric physics and chemistry.' EOS