‎Contents

‎Acknowledgements

‎Abbreviations

‎Introduction

‎Author’s Note

‎Chapter 1. From Trade Union Internationalism to the International Federation of Trade Unions

‎Chapter 2. In Search of a Revolutionary Trade Union International

‎1. The International Politics of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions 1917–20

‎2. The Communist International and the Trade-Union Question

‎3. The Impact of the October Revolution on the Revolutionary Syndicalists

‎4. The First Trade-Union Contacts: The Question of the International Trade Secretariats and Shliapnikov’s Mission

‎Chapter 3. The International Trade Union Council (1920–1)

‎1. Its Foundation

‎2. A Sequel: The Second Comintern Congress and the Trade-Union Question

‎3. The Organisation of the International Trade Union Council

‎4. The Foreign Delegations of the VTsSPS in Autumn 1920: Making Propaganda for the International Trade Union Council

‎5. ‘Amsterdam’ or ‘Moscow’: The Course of the Argument within the IFTU after the Foundation of the International Trade Union Council

‎6. The Syndicalists En Route for Moscow

‎6.1. The Levi Zentrale of the KPD and Syndicalism: Out of Tune with the Comintern

‎7. The International Trade Union Council, 1920–1: Its Programme, Activities and Organisation

‎8. Towards the Founding Congress: Discussions between the ITUC and the Delegates

‎9. The Russian Trade Unions and the International Trade Secretariats, 1920–1

‎Chapter 4. The Founding Congress of the Red International of Labour Unions

‎1. The Course of the Congress and the Establishment of the RILU (Profintern)

‎2. Relations between the Comintern and the RILU

‎3. The Tactics, Organisation and Statutes of the RILU

‎4. The First RILU Congress Draws to a Conclusion

‎5. The Syndicalist Opposition and the Question of the Anarchist Prisoners

‎6. Excursus: The Trade-Union Discussion at the Third Comintern Congress

‎7. The Formation of the RILU Leadership: The First Session of the Central Council

‎8. The Establishment of the International Propaganda Committees

‎Chapter 5. From the First to the Second Congress of the RILU

‎1. Should the RILU be Disbanded? Resignations and Demands for Liquidation

‎2. The Syndicalists between Moscow and Berlin

‎3. The Development of the RILU as an Organisation and a Political Entity: From the First to the Second Congress

‎4. The International Trade Secretariats and the International Propaganda Committees, 1921–2

‎5. The Second Congress of the Red International of Labour Unions

‎6. Excursus: Closer Organisational Connections with the Comintern: The RILU as Its International Trade-Union Apparatus

‎Chapter 6. The United Front That Didn’t Happen in 1923: The Role of the RILU

‎1. From the Hague Congress to the Ruhr Crisis: Fimmen Breaks Ranks

‎2. The Attempt to Achieve the United Front through the International Trade Secretariats

‎3. The Third Session of the Central Council

‎4. A ‘German October’? The Lessons of Defeat

‎5. The RILU as an Organisation at the Beginning of 1924: An Interim Summary

‎Chapter 7. The RILU between 1924 and 1927: In Danger of Dissolution for the Sake of International Trade Union Unity

‎1. The Trades Union Congress Brings About a Turn to the Left in the IFTU

‎2. Moscow Takes the Road to Unity: The Fifth Comintern Congress and the Third RILU Congress

‎3. The Anglo-Russian Committee and the International Movement for Trade-Union Unity

‎4. The Fourth Session of the Central Council

‎5. A Way to Gain New Influence? Initiatives Taken by the RILU Leadership in China and Other Countries

‎Chapter 8. The RILU in the Context of the ‘Ultra-Left’ Policy of International Communism 1928–34

‎1. Trotskyist Opposition in the RILU? The Nin Affair and the Rift with the Dutch Leftists

‎2. The Radicalisation of the RILU’s Course by Lozovsky and the Sanctioning of the New Approach by the Fourth Congress

‎3. The New Line is Applied across the Board

‎4. The Sixth Session of the Central Council, the Fifth RILU Congress and the Eighth Session of the Central Council

‎5. Organisational Inflation as a Compensation for Political Decline

‎Chapter 9. The End of the Road: The RILU from 1934–7

‎1. Trade-Union Unity under the Banner of the Turn to the Popular Front

‎2. The Seventh Comintern Congress and the International Trade Union Discussion

‎3. The Dissolution of the RILU

‎4. The Sequel: The Russian Trade Unions Again Attempt to Enter the IFTU

‎Conclusion

‎Appendix 1. Lozovsky and the Bolsheviks before 1920: A Biographical Sketch

‎Appendix 2. Biographies of Other Leading Figures

‎Bibliography

‎1. Archival Sources

‎Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Sotsial’noi i Politicheskoi Istorii (Russian State Archive of Social and Political History) [RGASPI]

‎Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (State Archive of the Russian Federation) [GARF]

‎Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick [MRC]

‎Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University

‎Nuffield College, Oxford University

‎Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv (Foundation Archives of Parties and Mass Organisations of the GDR in the Federal Archives) [SAPMO]

‎Friedrich Ebert-Stiftung (Friedrich Ebert Foundation) [FES]

‎Wayne State University

‎2. Newspapers and Periodicals

‎3. Publications of the International Federation of Trade Unions, the International Trade Secretariats and Their Member Organisations

‎3a. The International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres

‎3b. The International Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU)

‎3c. The International Trade Secretariats

‎4. Publications by the Second International and the Social-Democratic Parties

‎5. Publications by Trade-Union National Centres and Individual Trade Unions

‎5a. Great Britain

‎5b. Germany

‎5c. Switzerland

‎5d. Italy

‎5e. France

‎6. Publications by the Syndicalists and Unionists

‎6a. International Conferences

‎6b. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

‎6c. The National Confederation of Labour (CNT)

‎6d. The National Labour Secretariat (NAS)

‎6e. German Organisations

‎6f. Anarchists

‎7. Publications of the International Trade Union Council, the Red International of Labour Unions, the Communist International and Their Member Organisations

‎7a. The International Trade Union Council (ITUC)

‎7b. The Red International of Labour Unions (RILU)

‎7c. Publications by the Russian Trade Unions

‎7d. Publications by Other Member Organisations of the RILU

‎7e. The Communist International

‎7f. The Soviet Communist Party (RSDWP, RCP and AUCP)

‎7g. The Communist Party of Germany (KPD)

‎8. Miscellaneous Publications

‎9. Articles and Books by Lozovsky

‎10. The Writings of Other Soviet and Communist Leaders

‎11. Collections of Documents

‎12. Autobiographical Materials

‎13. Secondary Sources

‎Index of Main Figures