BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS AND SUSTAINABLE POLYMERS (BIOPOL-2009)

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS AND SUSTAINABLE POLYMERS (BIOPOL-2009)

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 BIODEGRADATION AND MEDICAL APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE)

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

NON-ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF PHB

ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF PHB IN VITRO

BIODEGRADATION OF PHB BY SOIL MICROORGANISMS

BIODEGRADATION OF PHB IN VIVO IN ANIMAL TISSUES

PHB APPLICATIONS

1. Medical Devices Based on PHB and In vivo PHB Biocompatibility

2. PHB as Tissue Engineering Material and PHB In Vitro Biocompatibility

3. Novel Drug Dosage Forms Based on PHB

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 USE OF HYDROXYTYROSOL AS POLYPROPYLENE STABILIZER AND AS A POTENTIAL ACTIVE ANTIOXIDANT

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Compounding preparation

Films preparation

DSC studies in oxydant atmosphere: determination of OIT and OOT

Chemiluminescence studies

TGA studies in inert and oxidant atmospheres

RESULTS

DSC studies: determination of OIT (min) and OOT (ºC)

Chemiluminescence studies at 150 ºC

TGA studies in inert and oxydant atmosphere

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DIMER FATTY ACID-BASED POLYAMIDES BIOCOMPOSITES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Materials

Polyamide Synthesis

Biocomposites Processing

Characterization

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Tensile Test Results

Young Modulus Modelling

Yield Stress Modelling

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 4 PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF THREE LAYER SHEETS BASED ON GELATIN AND POLY(LACTIC ACID)

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Materials

Preparation of Laminated Sheets

Characterization

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

AKCNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 5 EVALUATION OF THE USE OF NATURAL PLASTICIZERS IN COMMERCIAL LIDS FOR FOOD PACKAGING. CHARACTERIZATION AND MIGRATION IN FOOD SIMULANTS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Method for Standard Preparation and Determination of Gasket Composition

Method for Specific Migration Tests from Commercial Lids

GC/MS Analysis

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Gasket Composition

Specific Migration Study in Commercial Gaskets

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 6 EVALUATION OF PARAMETERS ESSENTIAL FOR EFFICIENCY IN THE COMPOSTING PROCESS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Materials

Testing

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 7 CHARACTERIZATION OF PP FILMS WITH CARVACROL AND THYMOL AS ACTIVE ADDITIVES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Materials

Sample Preparation

Characterization

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Thermal Properties

Thermal and Thermo-oxidative Degradation

Oxygen Transmission Rate

Morphological Characterization

Tensile Properties

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 8 LIPASE CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF BIOPOLYESTER AND RELATED CLAY-BASED NANOHYBRIDS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL PART

Materials

Polymerization Reactions

Nanohybrid Synthesis

Characterization

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 9 CHARACTERIZATION AND THERMAL STABILITY OF ALMONDS BY THE USE OF THERMAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Almond Samples

Sample Preparation

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

Statistical Analysis

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

DSC Analysis of Almond Oil and Fruit Samples

TGA Analysis of Almond Oil and Fruit Samples

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 10 CHITOSAN AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT FOR FOOTWEAR LEATHER COMPONENTS

ABSTRACT

CHITOSAN: STRUCTURE AND APLICATIONS

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN

THE RELEVANCE OF USING ANTIMICROBIAL LEATHER COMPONENTS IN FOOTWEAR

CASE STUDY: CHITOSAN AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT FOR LEATHER COATINGS

Leather Treatment with Chitosan

Antimicrobial Activity Study

Results and Discussion

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

Chapter 11 CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS BY MORPHOLOGICAL AND THERMAL TECHNIQUES

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Reagents and Materials

Material Characterization

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Morphological Study

Thermal Study: Pyrolysis-GC-MS Analysis

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 12 EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHODS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOYA PROTEIN FILMS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Materials

Film Preparation

Film Characterization

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

FTIR Analysis

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 13 DEVELOPMENT OF A BIODEGRADABILITY EVALUATION METHOD FOR LEATHER USED IN THE FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 14 CHROMIUM TANNED LEATHER WASTE ACID EXTRACTION, RESIDUE RECYCLING AND ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION TESTS ON EXTRACTS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Leather Sample Preparation and Characterization

Leather De-chroming Tests

Biodegradability Tests

Rubber Compounding Tests

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Sample Characteristics

De-chroming Tests

Biodegradability Tests

Rubber Composites Tests

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 15 HOW TO SHIFT TOUGHNESS OF PLA INTO NON-BREAK AREA AND TO CREATE HIGH IMPACT FLAX FIBRE REINFORCEMENTS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Materials

Processing

Sample Testing

Optical Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

RESULTS

Impact Modification

Flax Fibre Reinforcement

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

INDEX