Chapter
1.6 The importance of distributed neural networks extending to the brainstem
Further recommended reading
Chapter 2 Afferent Endocrine Control of Eating
2.1.2 Categorization of hormones
2.2 Gastrointestinal hormones that affect eating
2.2.3 Cholecystokinin (CCK)
2.2.4 Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)
2.4 Interactions among hormones – from single meals to energy homeostasis
Further recommended reading
Chapter 3 Ontogeny of Neuroendocrine Feeding Circuits
3.1 Major stages of hypothalamic development
3.1.1 Neurogenesis and cellular specification
3.2 Developmental aspects of the hypothalamic response to metabolic hormones
3.2.1 Expression pattern of metabolic hormones during perinatal life
3.2.2 Ontogeny of the response of hypothalamic neurons to metabolic hormones
3.3 Hormonal control of hypothalamic development
3.4 Development of appetite‐related circuits in obesity‐related conditions
3.4.1 Animal model of perinatal obesity
3.4.2 Perinatal obesity causes hypothalamic hormonal resistance
3.4.3 Molecular changes observed in the hypothalamus of animals exposed to an obesogenic environment during perinatal life
3.4.4 Structural changes associated with perinatal obesity
Chapter 4 Hypothalamic Peptides and Meal Patterns
4.1 Analysis of how animals feed
4.1.1 Meal pattern analysis
4.1.2 Licking microstructural analyses
4.2 The hypothalamus and feeding‐related behavior
4.3 Neuropeptides involved in feeding‐related behavior
4.3.1 Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
4.3.2 α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)
4.3.4 Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)
4.4 Peripheral peptides with central sites of action that affect food intake
Chapter 5 Food Hedonics: Insight from Animal Models
5.2 Animal models of food hedonics
5.2.2 How are hedonic responses to food investigated? Behavioral neuroscience methods
5.3 Excessive feeding: binge eating and food addiction
5.3.1 Binge eating models in rodents
5.3.2 Food addiction controversy
5.4 Hormonal regulation of food hedonics
Chapter 6 Functional and Anatomical Dissection of Feeding Circuits
6.1 AgRP neuron circuits that regulate appetite
6.1.2 Optogenetic activation
6.1.3 Chemogenetic activation and inhibition
6.1.4 Local AGRP neuron circuits
6.1.5 Long-range AgRP neuron circuits for feeding
6.2 Second-order circuit nodes downstream of AgRP neurons
6.2.1 BNST and LatH circuits
6.2.2 ARCAgRP→PVN circuits
6.2.3 PBN and CEA circuits
6.3 Third-order nodes downstream of AgRP neurons that elevate food intake
6.4 Circuits presynaptic to AgRP neurons
Chapter 7 Exploring Appetite and Hypothalamic Circuitry through Manipulating Gene Expression
7.1.1 Mouse strain considerations
7.2 Central control of energy balance
7.3 Transgenic technology basics
7.3.1 ‘Conventional’ knockout and transgenic mice
7.3.2 Limitations of germ line deletions for metabolic studies
7.3.3 Temporal control from BAC transgenics
7.4 Temporal and spatial control of transgenic genes
7.4.1 Outline of the recombinase technologies
7.4.2 Spatial control with the Cre-loxP technology
7.4.3 Cautionary notes on Cre
7.4.4 Temporal and/or inducible systems
7.5 CRISPR/Cas mediated genome engineering
Further recommended reading
Chapter 8 Electrophysiology of the Appetite-Regulating Circuits of the Hypothalamus
8.4 Electrophysiological studies of appetite signaling
8.4.2 Hypothalamic electrophysiology in vivo
Further recommended reading
Chapter 9 Functional Neuroimaging of Appetite and Gut–Brain Interactions
9.1 Appetite and the brain
9.2 Functional neuroimaging techniques
9.2.1 Positron emission tomography (PET)
9.2.2 BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
9.2.3 Perfusion fMRI (arterial spin labeling, ASL)
9.2.4 Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG)
9.3 Gut–brain interactions: appetite hormones versus brain responses
9.3.1 Effects of hormone or nutrient administration on the brain
Further recommended reading
Chapter 10 Appetite Disorders: From Binge Eating to Anorexia Nervosa
10.1 Etiology of eating disorders
10.2 Eating disorders: subtypes and diagnosis
10.2.3 Binge eating disorder
10.3 Animal models of eating disorders
10.3.1 Animal models of ‘binge eating’
10.3.2 Animal models of ‘anorexia nervosa’
10.4 Underlying mechanisms and targets for treatment
Chapter 11 Future Prospects of the Management of Appetite Disorders: Bariatric Surgery
11.1 Historical perspective on bariatric surgery
11.2 Bariatric procedures
11.3 Neurobiological effects and mechanisms
11.3.2 Hypothalamic signaling
11.5 New knowledge emerging
Further recommended reading
Chapter 12 Discovery of New Drugs for Weight Loss and Prevention of Weight Regain
12.2 The drug discovery process
12.2.1 The phases of drug discovery and development
12.2.2 Target identification, selection, and validation
12.2.3 Lead identification including in vitro screening
12.2.4 Animal models, in vivo screening
12.2.5 Validity of animal models
12.3 Drug combinations in obesity
12.4 Multiselective therapeutics (MT)
12.4.1 Molecular modalities
12.5.1 Physiology of the weight-reduced state (see Tables 12.7 and 12.8)
12.5.2 Effects of nutritional status on response to pharmacotherapy
Neuroendocrinology of Appetite
( Wiley-INF Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology Series )
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