Cover

Contents

Foreword

About the Author

Acknowledgments

Preface

Table of Figures

Table of Tables

1 Introduction to Short Range Wireless

1.1 Trends in Wireless

1.2 Wireless Technologies Characterization and Standards

1.3 Short Range Wireless

1.3.1 Evolution of Wireless Personal Area Networks

1.3.2 Bluetooth

1.3.3 Zigbee

1.4 Organization of the Book

2 Introduction to Ultra Wideband

2.1 Introduction

2.2 History

2.3 Signal Characterization

2.4 Ultra Wideband in Wireless Personal Area Networks

2.5 Use Cases for Ultra Wideband

2.5.1 PC and Peripheral Applications

2.5.2 Mass Storage Applications

2.5.3 Streaming Applications

2.5.4 Infrastructure Networking

2.5.5 Ad-hoc Networking and Mobility

2.5.6 Future Applications

2.6 Striving for a Standard

2.7 Summary

3 Evolution of UWB Standards

3.1 Introduction

3.2 IEEE Standards Dilemma

3.3 MBOA and WiMedia

3.4 Regulatory Considerations

3.5 Common Radio Platform

3.6 Summary

4 Physical Layer

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Requirements

4.3 Design Choices

4.3.1 Direct Sequence UWB (DS-UWB)

4.3.2 Multi-band OFDM UWB (ECMA-368 UWB)

4.3.2.1 Tone Nulling

4.3.2.2 PLCP Protocol Data Unit (PPDU)

4.4 MB-OFDM Transmitter Operation

4.5 MB-OFDM Receiver Operation

4.6 Ranging and Location Considerations

4.7 Coexistence with Other Technologies: Detect and Avoid Mechanisms

4.8 Summary

5 Medium Access Layer

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Requirements

5.2.1 Device Discovery

5.2.2 Timing Synchronization

5.2.3 Data Transfer

5.2.4 Power Save

5.2.5 Security

5.2.6 Support for Upper Layers

5.3 Design Choices

5.3.1 Centralized Vs Decentralized Network Topology

5.3.2 Device Discovery

5.3.3 Channel Access Methods

5.3.4 Power Save

5.3.5 Security

5.4 Distributed MAC

5.4.1 Network Topology

5.4.2 Addressing

5.4.3 Superframe

5.4.4 MAC Frame

5.4.5 Guard Time

5.5 Beacon Protocol

5.5.1 Beacon Period (BP)

5.5.2 Beacon Period Occupancy IE

5.5.3 Beacon Procedure State Machine

5.5.4 Join BP or Start BP

5.5.5 Beacon Transmission

5.5.6 Beacon Reception

5.5.7 Beacon Slot Collision

5.5.8 Beacon Period Contraction

5.5.9 Synchronization using Beacons

5.5.10 Beacon Period Merge

5.5.10.1 Overlapping Alien BPs

5.5.10.2 Nonoverlapping Alien BPs

5.6 Data Transfer Mechanisms

5.6.1 Reservation based Data Transfer

5.6.1.1 Hidden Node for the Reservation

5.6.1.2 Reservation Negotiation

5.6.1.3 Reservation Maintenance

5.6.1.4 Reservation Modi.cation

5.6.1.5 Multicast Reservation Joining

5.6.1.6 Reservation Con.ict Detection and Resolution

5.6.1.7 Reservation Termination

5.6.1.8 Reservation Policies

5.6.1.9 Reservation Relinquish

5.6.2 Priority Based Data Transfer

5.6.2.1 Back-off Procedure

5.6.2.2 Virtual Carrier Sensing

5.6.2.3 Data Transfer using PCA

5.7 Summary

6 Advanced MAC Features

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Acknowledgment Policies

6.2.1 No-ACK

6.2.2 Immediate-ACK (Imm-ACK)

6.2.3 Block-ACK (B-ACK)

6.3 Power Save

6.3.1 Intra-superframe Power Save

6.3.2 Inter-superframe Power Save

6.3.3 Hibernation Anchor

6.4 Reservation Release (UDA/UDR Procedure)

6.5 Security Considerations

6.5.1 Security Modes

6.5.2 Temporal Keys

6.5.3 4-way Handshake

6.5.4 Distribution of GTK

6.5.5 Message Freshness and Replay Prevention

6.5.6 Message Integrity

6.5.7 Payload Encryption

6.6 Ranging Support

6.7 Multicast Address Binding

6.8 Transmit Power Control (TPC)

6.9 Probe

6.10 Multi-rate Support

6.11 Dynamic Channel Change

6.12 Aggregation

6.13 Summary

7 UWB System Design

7.1 Introduction

7.2 System Requirements

7.2.1 Throughput

7.2.2 Software and Hardware Complexity

7.2.3 Interface with Host

7.2.4 Multiple Protocol Support

7.2.5 Future Compatibility

7.2.6 System Capacities

7.2.7 Being Good Neighbor

7.3 Hardware Software: Partitioning and Co-design

7.4 Common System Architectures

7.4.1 Hardware Host

7.4.2 System-on-Chip or On Board Processor

7.4.3 Complete Hardware System

7.4.4 USB Wire Adaptors

7.5 Interoperability Considerations

7.6 Product Certification

7.7 Summary

8 Adaptation to Multiple Applications

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Traffic Multiplexing Methods

8.2.1 MUX Sublayer

8.2.1.1 OUI based MUX Header

8.2.1.2 EtherType based MUX Header

8.2.2 Reservation based Multiplexing

8.3 Application Specific Frames

8.3.1 Application Specific IE

8.3.2 Application Specific Control Frame

8.3.3 Application Specific Command Frame

8.3.4 Application Specific Probe IE

8.4 PCA Access Category Mapping

8.5 Upper Protocol Layers

8.5.1 Wireless USB (WUSB)

8.5.2 Internet Protocol

8.5.3 Wireless 1394

8.5.4 Bluetooth over UWB (BToUWB)

8.6 Summary

9 Wireless USB

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Evolution of Wireless USB

9.2.1 Wireless USB and Ultra Wideband

9.3 WUSB Protocol

9.3.1 Topology

9.3.2 USB to WUSB

9.3.2.1 WUSB Host

9.3.2.2 WUSB Device

9.3.2.3 Dual Role Device

9.3.2.4 Wire Adapters

9.3.3 WUSB Frame Format

9.3.4 WUSB Addressing

9.3.5 Reservation for Wireless USB Operation

9.3.6 Micro-scheduled Management Command (MMC)

9.3.7 WUSB Transaction

9.3.8 Device Endpoints and Pipes

9.3.9 WUSB Transfers

9.3.10 Notifications

9.3.11 WUSB Device States

9.3.12 WUSB Security and Association

9.3.13 WUSB Power Management

9.4 Implementation Considerations

9.4.1 Device Implementation Considerations

9.4.1.1 Type of Devices

9.4.1.2 Selection of Host

9.4.1.3 DRP Support for WUSB Device

9.4.2 Host Implementation Considerations

9.4.2.1 DRP Support for WUSB Host

9.4.2.2 Support for Directed Beaconing Device

9.4.2.3 Host Scheduler

9.5 Summary

10 Converging Marketplace

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Discussion on UWB Products

10.2.1 Consumer Products

10.2.2 Test and Measurement Products

10.3 Bluetooth over UWB: Interesting Paradigm

10.4 UWB and IEEE 802.11n

10.5 Convergence of Technologies and Devices

10.6 Summary

Abbreviations

References

Index