Front Cover

Cancer of the skin

Copyright

Contents

Foreword

Preface

List of Contributors

Dedication & Acknowledgements

Chapter 1 : The Biology of Skin Cancer Invasion and Metastasis

Introduction

Mechanisms Of Cancer Growth And Metastasis

Cancer Stem Cells And Proliferation

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 2 : Genetics of Skin Cancer

Introduction

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 3 : The Biology of the Melanocyte

Introduction

History

Structure And Function Of The Melanocyte

Structure And Function Of The Melanosome

Melanin Biosynthesis And Its Regulation

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 4 : Skin Cancer: Burden of Disease

Introduction

Melanoma

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Future Trends

References

Chapter 5 : Epidemiology of Skin Cancer

Introduction

History

Descriptive Epidemiology

Analytic Epidemiology

Interventional Epidemiology

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 6 : Etiological Factors in Skin Cancers: Environmental and Biological

Introduction

History

Risk Factors(Table 6.1)

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 7 : The Importance of Primary and Secondary Prevention Programs for Skin Cancer

Introduction

History

Targeting Prevention Efforts

Primary Prevention Of Skin Cancer: Protection From Ultraviolet Radiation

Secondary Prevention Of Skin Cancer: Early Detection

Future Outlook

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 8 : Chemoprevention of Skin Cancers

Introduction

History Of Chemoprevention

Principles And Rationale For Chemoprevention Of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers

Principles And Rationale For Melanoma Chemoprevention

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 9 : Current Concepts in Photoprotection

Introduction

History

Sunscreens

Adjunctive Photoprotection

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 10 : Actinic Keratoses and Other Precursors of Keratinocytic Cutaneous Malignancies

Introduction

Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis)

Other Lesions Associated With Keratinocytic Malignancies

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ And Its Variants

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 11 : Basal cell carcinoma

Introduction

History

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Biological Behavior

Clinical Presentation Of Bcc

Histology

Immunohistochemical Features

Treatment

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 12 : Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Introduction And History

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Clinical Features

Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, And Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Treatment

Prevention

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 13 : Adnexal Carcinomas of the Skin

Introduction

Epidemiology

Carcinomas Of The Eccrine And Apocrine Glands

Carcinomas Of The Hair Follicle

Carcinomas Of The Sebaceous Glands

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 14 : Paget’s Disease

Introduction

Mammary Paget’S Disease

Extramammary Paget’S Disease

Future Outlook

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 15 : Sarcomas of the Skin

Introduction

History

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis And Etiology

General Principles Of Natural History And Diagnosis

Clinicopathologic Features Of Specific Types Of Cutaneous Sarcomas

Other Sarcomas In The Skin

Surveillance

Future Outlook

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 16 : Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Introduction

History

Pathogenesis

Clinical Findings

Clinical Variants

Differential Diagnosis

Evaluation

Treatment

Future Outlook

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 17 : Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Introduction

History

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis And Etiology

Clinical Features

Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis, And Differential Diagnosis

Pathology

Treatment

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 18 : Malignant Neoplasms: Vascular Differentiation

Introduction

History

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis And Etiology

Low-Grade Angiosarcomas

Intermediate Grade Angiosarcomas (Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma)

High-Grade Angiosarcomas

Glomangiosarcomas

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 19 : Cutaneous Neoplastic Disorders Related to HPV and HIV Infection

Introduction

Neoplastic Disorders In Hpv-Infected Patients

Vaccination For Hpv

Neoplastic Disorders In Hiv-Infected Patients

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 20 : Pseudolymphomas of the Skin

Introduction

History And Classification

Epidemiology

Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis And Differential Diagnosis

Specific Clinicopathologic Entities

Lymphomatoid drug reactions

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 21 : Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma: Mycosis Fungoidesand Sézary Syndrome

Introduction

History

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis And Etiology

Clinical Features

Diagnosis, Staging And Pathology

Prognosis

Treatment

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 22 : Dysplastic Nevi

Introduction

History

Epidemiology

Etiology And Pathogenesis: Genes, Environment, And Biology

Clinical Features

Histology

Management

Conclusions

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 23 : Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Introduction

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis And Etiology

Clinical Features

Pathology

Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis And Differential Diagnosis

Potential Complications

Management

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 24 : The Many Faces of Melanoma

References

Chapter 25 : The Importance of Early Detection of Melanoma,Physician and Self-Examination

Introduction

History Of Melanoma Diagnosis

Clinical Considerations

Patient Evaluation, Diagnosis And Differential Diagnosis

Mass Screenings

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 26 : Prognostic Factors and Staging in Melanoma

Introduction

Ajcc Melanoma Staging System – Overview

Prognostic Factors In Primary Melanoma (Stages I And Ii)

Regional Disease

Distant Metastases

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 27 : Pathology of Melanoma: Interpretation and New Concepts

Introduction

Histologic Diagnosis Of Melanoma

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 28 : Management of the Patient with Melanoma

Introduction

Management

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 29 : Pregnancy and Melanoma

Introduction

History

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis And Etiology

Clinical Features And Prognosis

Patient Evaluation And Diagnosis

Pathology

Treatment

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 30 : Genetic Testing for Melanoma

Introduction

Gene Identification

Genetic Testing In Clinical Practice

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 31 : Spitz Nevus

History

Clinical Features

Pathology

Differentiation From Melanoma

Management Considerations

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 32 : Cutaneous Carcinogenesis Related to Dermatologic Therapy

Introduction

Potential Mechanisms Of Drug-Related Carcinogenesis

Therapies Associated With Increased Skin Cancer Risk

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 33 : Genetic Disorders Predisposing to Skin Malignancy

Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome

Inherited Epidermolysis Bullosa

Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Muir–Torre Syndrome

Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis

Other Genetic Conditions Associated With Skin Cancers

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 34 : Dermatologic Manifestations of Internal Malignancy

Introduction

History

Inherited Syndromes Associated With Internal Malignancy

Skin Changes Resulting from Hormone-Secreting Tumors

Proliferative and Inflammatory Dermatoses Associated with Internal Maligancy (Table 34.2)

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 35 : Dermatologic Manifestations of Systemic Oncologic Therapy of Cutaneous Malignancies

History

Cutaneous Manifestations Of Skin Cancer Systemic Therapy

Chemotherapeutic Agents that Lead to dermatologic Manifestations

Radiation Dermatitis

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 36 : The Dermoscopic Patterns of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Introduction

Dermoscopic Equipment

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Melanoma

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 37 : Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Cutaneous Melanoma

Introduction

Computer-Enhanced Total Body Digital Imaging (TBDI)

Dermoscopy

Multispectral Imaging (Multispectral Digital Dermoscopy And Computer-Based Analysis)

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CLSM) (Reflectance Confocal Microscopy [RCM])

Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

Cellular Electrical Resistance (Bio-Impedance)

Ultrasound Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)

Optical Coherence Tomography

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 38 : Confocal Microscopy in Skin Cancer

Introduction

History

Principles Of Reflectance Confocal Microscopy

Normal Skin

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers

Melanocytic Neoplasms

RCM In Margin Mapping And Monitoring Of Treatment Of Skin Cancer

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 39 : Clinical Genomics for Melanoma Detection

Introduction

Current Melanoma Detection

Epidermal Genetic Information Retrieval (EGIR)

Egir Genomic Characterization Of Melanoma, Nevi, And Normal Skin

Genomic Detection Of Melanoma

Further Development

Future Outlook

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 40 : Biopsy Techniques

Introduction

Decision-Making Process

Biopsy Techniques – Illustrated

Diagnosis Of Melanoma

Diagnosis Of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Post-Biopsy Care

Summary

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 41 : Curettage and Electrodesiccation

Introduction

History

Description Of Procedure/Therapy

Indications And Contraindications

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 42 : Cryosurgery

Introduction

History

Basic Principles

Equipment

Techniques

Considerations And Applications

Indications And Contraindications

Postoperative Care And Expected Side Effects

Complications (Table 42.5)

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 43 : Topical Treatment of Skin Cancer

Introduction

DNA Analog Antimetabolites

5-fluorouracil

Topical Imidazoquinolones

Cyclooxygenase (COX) Enzyme Inhibitors

Photodynamic Therapy

Retinoids

Bexarotene

Colchicine

Nitrogen Mustard

Emerging Therapies

Head-To-Head Trials Of Topical Chemotherapy

Combination Therapy

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 44 : Immune Response Modulators in the Treatment of Skin Cancer

Introduction

Interferons

Imiquimod

Resiquimod

Interleukin-2 (Il-2)

Other Therapies Which Include Immunomodulative Components

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 45 Photodynamic Therapy in Skin Cancer

Introduction

History

Overview

Topical PDT Therapy

Indications

Adverse Effects

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 46 : Surgical Excision for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Introduction

Perioperative Management

Planning An Excision

Clinical, Surgical, And Histologic Margins

Incomplete Excision And Tumor Recurrence

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 47 : Mohs Surgery

Introduction

Description Of Procedure

General Indications and Contraindications

MMS for Skin Cancer Treatment

Therapuetic Controversies

Safety

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 48 : Treatment of Disseminated Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers

Introduction

Disseminated Basal Cell Carcinoma

Disseminated Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Disseminated Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Adnexal Carcinomas

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 49 : Surgical Excision of Melanoma

Introduction

History

Excision Margin Trials

Current Recommendations

Special Excisional Considerations

Excision Of Histologic Variants

Techniques For Wound Closure Of Resected Melanomas

Mohs Surgery In Melanoma

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 50 : Regional Lymph Node Surgery in Melanoma Patients

Introduction

Approach To Clinically Negative Nodal Basins

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (Sln)

Regional Lymphadenectomy: Indications, Technique And Extent, And Morbidity

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 51 : Reconstructive Surgery for Skin Cancer

Introduction

Planning Reconstructive Surgery For Skin Cancer

Selection Of Reconstructive Techniques

Reconstruction Of The Head And Neck

Reconstruction Of The Trunk

Reconstruction Of The Pelvis/Perineum Area

Reconstruction Of The Upper And Lower Extremities

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 52 : Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Skin Cancers

Introduction

Principles Of Radiation Therapy

Treatment Of Basal And Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Treatment Of Malignant Melanoma

Treatment Of Kaposi Sarcoma

Treatment Of Cutaneous Lymphomas

Treatment Of Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 53 : Adjuvant Therapy for Cutaneous Melanoma

Introduction

Prior Approaches

Present Concepts

Indications And Contraindications For IFN

Next Phases Of Development Of Adjuvant Therapies

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 54 : Vaccine Therapy for Melanoma

Introduction

Requirements For An Effective Anti-Melanoma Vaccine

Types Of Vaccines

The Use Of Immunostimulatory Adjuvants

Patient Selection For Vaccine Therapy

Clinical Trials

Could Vaccines Actually Be Harmful?

Current Vaccine Therapy Trials

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 55 : Targeted Therapy for Melanoma

Introduction

Targets In Metastatic Melanoma

Targeting The Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment

Combining Approaches

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 56 : Imaging Work-up of the Patient with Melanoma

Introduction

Imaging At Diagnosis

Ultrasound

Imaging For Surveillance Of Advanced Disease

Management Summary

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 57 : Treatment of Disseminated Melanoma

Introduction

Epidemiology

Staging Of Metastatic Disease

Medical Therapy For Advanced Melanoma

Surgery For Advanced Melanoma

Brain Metastases

Conclusions

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 58 : Management of Skin Cancer in the Immunocompromised Patient

Introduction

Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 59 : Indoor Tanning

Introduction

History Of Intentional Tanning

Mechanisms Of Indoor Tanning

Effects Of Indoor Tanning

Indoor Tanning And Skin Cancer

Tanning And Vitamin D

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 60 : Vitamin D and UV: Risks and Benefits

History

Sources And Metabolism Of Vitamin D

Vitamin D In Health And Disease

Optimal Vitamin D Levels

Populations At Risk Of Low Vitamin D Status

Sun Exposure And Vitamin D Levels

Current Vitamin D Recommendations

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 61 : Photography in Skin Cancer Treatment

Introduction

Image Capture Overview

Total Body Photography (TBP)

Close-Up Photography

Image Capture And Management Software

Outside Services

Reimbursement For Services

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 62 : Psychological Responses and Coping Strategies in SkinCancer Patients

Introduction

Psychological Challenges Associated With Early-Stage Skin Cancers

Prevalence Of Psychological Distress In Patients With Skin Cancer

Psychological Distress In Individuals With A Strong Family History Of Skin Cancer

Vulnerability Factors: Demographic, Clinical, And Psychosocial Correlates Of Distress

Coping Skills And Strategies

Psychological Support For Patients With Skin Cancer

Cost-Effectiveness Of Psychosocial Interventions

Communication Skills And Strategies

Current Care And Future Directions

Future Outlook

References

Chapter 63 : Medical and Legal Aspects of Skin Cancer Patients

Introduction

Medical Malpractice

Consent/Refusal For Treatment

Medical Records

Adverse Events And Complications In Skin Cancer Treatment

Special Medicolegal Issues In Skin Cancer Treatment (Dermatopathology)

Future Outlook

References

Index