Chapter
SECTION 1: Decision-Making and Therapeutic Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine
Chapter 1. Tools for Assessment of Cardiovascular Tests and Therapies
Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests
How To Read and Interpret a Clinical Trial
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Chapter 2. The Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Pharmacological Principles
Chapter 3. Gene Therapies and Stem Cell Therapies
Gene Therapies for Myocardial Protection
Gene Therapies for Myocardial Rescue
Gene Therapies for Vascular Protection
Perspectives and Future Directions
Clinical Applications of Stem Cell Therapy
Coronary Artery Disease with No Mechanical Revascularization Option
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy, Chronic Heart Failure
The Foreseeable Future of Cardiovascular Stem Cell Therapy
Chapter 4. The Process of Regulatory Review for New Cardiovascular Devices
Regulatory History of the Device Review Process
The Temple Report and Evolution of the Device Regulatory Process
Risk, Benefit, and the Product Life Cycle
Ensuring the Safety of Marketed Devices
SECTION 2: Ischemic Heart Disease
Chapter 5. Pharmacologic Options for Treatment of Ischemic Disease
Thrombosis and Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease
Thrombosis: Future Directions
Chapter 6. Mechanical Approaches to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Intravascular Imaging Techniques
Chapter 7. Treatment with Drug-Eluting Stents
Drug-Eluting Stent System
Results of Main Clinical Trials of Approved Des
Clinical Use of Des in Different Patient and Clinical Subsets
Adjunctive Pharmacologic Therapy
Chapter 8. Revascularization Options for Ischemic Heart Disease: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Effectiveness of Revascularization: Cabg
Effectiveness of Revascularization: PCI
Relative Benefits of PCI and Cabg
Current Approaches to Revascularization Decisions
Long-Term Secondary Prevention
Chapter 9. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease
Novel Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease
Noninvasive Assessment of Vascular Disease
CAD in Developing Countries
Pharmacologic Interventions for Primary Prevention
Practice of Preventive Cardiovascular Disease
Chapter 10. Non ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Anti-Ischemic Medications
Invasive Versus Conservative Strategy for Cardiac Catheterization
Hospital Discharge and Post-Hospital Care
Chapter 11. ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Emergency Department Management
Chapter 12. Chronic Stable Angina
Assessment and Investigation
Therapeutic Interventions
Potential Future Therapies
Chapter 13. Risk Factor Management and Lifestyle Modification in Heart Failure
Heart Failure Risk Assessment
Lifestyle Modification in the Heart Failure Patient
Chapter 14. Pharmacologic Management of Heart Failure in the Ambulatory Setting
Pathophysiology and Staging System: Targets of Therapy
Diuretics and Sodium Restriction
Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors
Options for Patients Who Remain Symptomatic Despite Standard Therapy
Hydralazine and Isosorbide Dinitrate
Positive Inotropic Agents
Future Directions in Pharmacologic Therapy
Chapter 15. Implantable Devices for the Management of Heart Failure
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in the Management of Heart Failure
Indications for Prophylactic Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation in Heart Failure Patients
Conduction Abnormalities in Heart Failure
Landmark Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Clinical Trials
Indications for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure Patients
Future Directions of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Monitoring Heart Failure through Implantable Devices
Future Directions in Implantable Devices for the Management of Heart Failure
Chapter 16. Surgical Treatment of Heart Failure
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Surgical Ventricular Restoration
Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation
Chapter 17. Strategies for Management of Decompensated Heart Failure
Common Precipitating Factors
Adjustment of Oral Medications
Chapter 18. Cardiac Transplantation and Circulatory Support Devices
Circulatory Support Devices
SECTION 4: Arrhythmias/Conduction Disturbances
Chapter 19. Clinical Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Chapter 20. Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Tachyarrhythmias
Catheter Ablation for the Treatment of Tachyarrhythmias
Review of the Success of Catheter Ablation by Specific Arrhythmia Syndrome
Chapter 21. The Role of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
Sudden Cardiac Death–The Scope of the Problem
Advances in ICD Technology and Implantation Techniques
ICD Use in Secondary Prevention of SCD
ICD Use in Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
Primary Prevention of Sudden Death in Other Diseases
Cost Effectiveness of the ICD
Complications, Follow-Up, and Special Considerations
Current Guidelines for ICD Therapy
Chapter 22. Surgical Options for the Treatment of Arrhythmias
Currently Performed Procedures
The Future of Surgical Therapy
Chapter 23. Acute and Chronic Pharmacologic Management of Supraventricular Tachycardias
Pharmacology of Supraventricular Tachycardias
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Mechanisms of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia
Chapter 24. Atrial Fibrillation
Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm
Thromboembolic Prophylaxis
Atrial Fibrillation Postcardiac Surgery
Chapter 25. Genetics of Inherited Arrhythmias
Functional Pathways Involved in Inherited Arrhythmias
Phenotypes, Clinical Presentation, and Management
SECTION 5: Dyslipoproteinemias/Atherosclerosis
Chapter 26. Pharmacologic Therapy for Hypertriglyceridemia and Low HDL: Rationale for Combination Therapy
High-Risk Subsets of Patients for CHD Events on Statin Therapy
Fibrate Side Effects and Safety Issues
Clinical Significance of Nonstatin Pleiotropic Effects
Rationale of Combination Therapy
The Safety of Combination Therapy
Chapter 27. Drugs for Elevated LDL-Cholesterol
HMGCoA-Reductase Inhibitors
Mechanism of Benefit of Statins
Chapter 28. Cardiovascular Disease and Lifestyle Modification
Dietary Fats and Blood Lipids
The Overall Effect of Diet and Lifestyle
Chapter 29. The Steps beyond Diet and Drug Therapy for Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Definition of the Target Population
Description of the Patient Population
Extracorporeal Therapies for the Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia
Conclusions and Recommendations for Therapy
Chapter 30. Initial Evaluation and Approach to the Patient with Hypertension
Evaluation of the Patient
Basic Laboratory Evaluation
Overview of Treatment of the Hypertensive Patient
Lifestyle Modifications in the Treatment of Hypertension
Chapter 31. Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension
Blood Pressure Goals and the J-Curve
Drug Classes: Positioning and Use
Choice of Drugs: First, Second, and Beyond
Chapter 32. Secondary Hypertension: Endocrine Causes
Other Forms of Mineralocorticoid Excess
Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease
Chapter 33. Secondary Hypertension: Renal Vascular Causes
Etiology and Natural History
Renovascular Hypertension
Plasma Renin Activity, Renal Vein Renin, and the Captopril Test
Captopril Renal Scintigraphy
Renal Duplex Ultrasonography
Computed Tomographic Angiography
Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Approach to the Diagnostic Evaluation
Management of Renovascular Disease
Percutaneous Intervention
Chapter 34. Treatment of Hypertension in the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease
Systolic Blood Pressure, Isolated Systolic Hypertension, Pulse Pressure, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Diastolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Chronobiology and Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary Heart Disease: Chronic Stable Angina and Silent Ischemia
Coronary Heart Disease: Acute Myocardial Infarction
Hypertension and Cerebrovascular Disease
Hypertension and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation
Chapter 35. Treatment of Hypertension in Patients with Renal Disease
Nondiabetic Renal Parenchymal Disease
Diabetes and Chronic Renal Disease
Therapeutic Approaches to Hypertension in Kidney Disease
Treatment Recommendations and Caveats
Chapter 36. Resistant Hypertension
Renal Parenchymal Disease
History and Physical Examination
Chapter 37. Hypertensive Emergencies
Epidemiology and Etiology
Evaluation of Hypertensive Emergencies
Management of Hypertensive Emergencies
Caveats to Therapy in Hypertensive Emergency Care
Chapter 38. The Metabolic Syndrome
Defining and Explaining Obesity
The Link between Excess Body Weight and the Cardiovascular Metabolic Syndrome
Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Chapter 39. Hypertension in Pregnancy
Blood Pressure Measurement and Norms during Pregnancy
Risks of Hypertension in Pregnancy and Guidelines for Evaluation and Management
Hemodynamics in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancy
Diagnosis and Classification of Hypertension in Pregnancy
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
Strategies to Prevent Preeclampsia
Evaluation and Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy
Chapter 40. Management of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Definition of Hypertension in Childhood
Measurement of Blood Pressure in the Young
Causes of Hypertension in the Young
Evaluation of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Management of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents
Antihypertensive Treatments for Children and Adolescents
SECTION 7: Other Cardiovascular Conditions
Chapter 41. Pharmacologic Options for Treating Cardiovascular Disease During Pregnancy
Thromboembolic Disease during Pregnancy
Anticoagulation during Pregnancy
Chapter 42. Care for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Issues for the Care Provider
Guidelines for Management of Patients with Specific Congenital Cardiac Lesions
Chapter 43. Treatment of Severe Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension
Current State of Diagnosis
Epidemiologic Associations
Current Pathobiologic Paradigm of IPAH
Diagnosis and Risk Stratification
Medical Therapy Algorithms
New Pathobiologic and Care Paradigms?
Pregnancy and Contraception
Chapter 44. Prevention and Treatment of Endocarditis
The Use of Echocardiography in the Diagnosis and Management of Endocarditis
Identifying Patients at Risk for Complications of Endocarditis
Management of Complicated Infective Endocarditis
When to Refer for Surgical Therapy
Device-Related Infections
Long-Term Outcomes–Management of Hospital Survivors
Chapter 45. Treatment of Pericardial Disease
Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade
Constrictive Pericarditis
Treatment of Specific Causes of Pericarditis
Chapter 46. Optimal Timing of Surgical and Mechanical Intervention in Native Valvular Heart Disease
Right-Sided Valve Disease
Chapter 47. Surgery for Valvular Heart Disease
Chapter 48. Treatment of Cardiovascular Manifestations of HIV
Nucleoside Analogue Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Metabolic Effects of HIV Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy
Lipodystrophy and the Metabolic Syndrome
Surrogate Measures of Atherosclerosis in HIV Patients
HIV Infection and Myocardial Infarction
Clinical Features of Coronary Disease in HIV Patients
Treatment of Coronary Risk Factors in HIV Patients
Myocardial Involvement in HIV
Pericardial Disease in Patients with HIV Infection
HIV-Related Pulmonary Hypertension
Chapter 49. Rehabilitation of the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease
Physiologic Effects of Immobility
Cardiac Rehabilitation after a Myocardial Infarction
Evolving Landscape for Cardiac Rehabilitation
Appendix 1: Cardiovascular Drugs: Comprehensive Drug Tables
Guide to Interpretation of Comprehensive Drug Tables
Appendix 2: Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
PART B—Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Appendix 3: Circulatory Support Devices
Physiology of Mechanical Cardiac Support
Important Clinical Factors in Mechanical Cardiac Assist
Permanent Support (Destination Therapy)
Device Dysfunction and Infection
Cardiovascular Therapeutics
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