Chapter
Chapter 1: The History of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Rigid Gastrointestinal Endoscopes
Semiflexible Gastroscopes
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy
Digital Endoscopy (Videoendoscopy)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS)
Capsule Endoscopy (Wireless Endoscopy)
Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)
Chapter 2: Setting Up an Endoscopy Facility
Documentation and Information Technology
Quality Measurement and Improvement
Chapter 3: How Endoscopes Work
Air, Water, and Suction Systems
Solid-State Image Capture
Reading the Image Created on the Charge-Coupled Device
Interline Charge-Coupled Device
Endoscopic Ultrasound Instrumentation
Factors to Consider When Evaluating a Video Image Endoscope
Chapter 4: Cleaning and Disinfecting Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Equipment
Principles of Disinfection
Liquid Chemical Germicides
Automatic Endoscope Reprocessors
Cleaning and Disinfecting Endoscopes
Disinfection Procedure Compliance
General Infection Control Practices
Chapter 5: Tissue Sampling, Specimen Handling, and Chromoendoscopy
Endoscopist-Pathologist and Pathologist-Endoscopist Communication to Optimize the Diagnostic Yield for Patient Care
Chapter 6: Electrosurgery in Therapeutic Endoscopy
Endoscopic Thermal Modalities
Principles of Electrosurgery
Endoscopic Electrosurgical Techniques
Chapter 7: Sedation and Monitoring in Endoscopy
Patient Evaluation and Preparation
Staffing Levels and Training
Postprocedural Monitoring
Propofol and Deep Sedation
Pharyngeal Anesthesia in Sedation
Management of Oversedation
Chapter 8: Patient Preparation and Pharmacotherapeutic Considerations
General Information about Patient Preparation
Preparation for Endoscopy and Enteroscopy
Preparation for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Preparation for Colonoscopy
Preparation for Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Preparation for Endoscopic Ultrasound
Preparation for Capsule Endoscopy
Preparation for Endoscopic Procedures in Patients with Diabetes
Chapter 9: Reporting, Documentation, and Risk Management
Relationship of Medical Practice to Litigation
Claims against Gastroenterologists
Legal Principles in Medical Practice
Quality Agenda in Endoscopy
Chapter 10: Small-Caliber Endoscopy
Small-Caliber Endoscopy Insertion Techniques
Unsedated Small-Caliber Upper Endoscopy
Therapeutic Applications for Small-Caliber Endoscopy
Chapter 11: Postsurgical Endoscopic Anatomy
Operations without Alteration of the Pancreaticobiliary Anatomy
Operations with Alteration of the Pancreaticobiliary Anatomy
Chapter 12: Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Preparation and Place for Endoscopy
Etiology of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Available Modalities for Endoscopic Therapy
Complications of Endoscopic Therapy
Failure of Endoscopic Therapy
Prevention of Recurrent Bleed
Future Directions for Endoscopic Therapy
Chapter 13: Portal Hypertensive Bleeding
Chapter 14: Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Initial Approach to a Patient with Severe Hematochezia
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Severe Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Chapter 15: Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Etiology of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Investigating Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Diagnostic Investigations
Proposed Diagnostic Strategy
Chapter 16: Chronic Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Angiodysplasia of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Gastric Vascular Lesions in Patients with Cirrhosis
Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome
Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber Syndrome
Radiation Injury of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Cameron Ulcers and Erosions
Chapter 17: Benign Strictures
Esophageal Rings and Webs
Gastric, Pyloric, and Small Bowel Strictures
Benign Colonic and Ileocolonic Strictures
Chapter 19: Ingested Foreign Objects and Food Bolus Impactions
Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features: History and Physical Examination
Chapter 20: Zenker’s Diverticula
Chapter 21: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Normal Appearance of the Bowel
Early Lesions of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Importance of Assessing Extent of Disease
Assessing Disease Severity
Preparation of Patients for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Indications for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Strictures and Mass Lesions
Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Chapter 22: Infections of the Luminal Digestive Tract
Clinical and Endoscopic Features
Chapter 23: Techniques in Enteral Access
How to Establish an Endoscopy Service for Enteral Access
Endoscopic Nasoenteric Tubes
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy
Direct Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy
Endoscopic Nasoenteric Tube Complications
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Complications
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy and Direct Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy Complications
Chapter 24: Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction
Chapter 25: Diagnosis and Staging of Esophageal Carcinoma
Staging of Esophageal Carcinoma
Chapter 26: Diagnosis and Surveillance of Barrett’s Esophagus
Barrett’s Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Screening and Surveillance Strategies for Barrett’s Esophagus
Conclusions and Future Trends
Chapter 27: Endoscopic Treatment of Superficial Esophageal Cancers
Biology of Early Esophageal Cancer
Staging of Early Esophageal Cancer
Methods of Endoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Cancer
Chapter 28: Endoscopic Palliation of Malignant Dysphagia and Esophageal Fistulas
Chapter 29: Nonepithelial Tumors of the Esophagus and Stomach
Chapter 30: Screening for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Precursor Lesions
Precursor Lesions of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Nonendoscopic Screening Techniques
Endoscopic Screening Techniques
Clinical Application of Screening and Treatment for Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Precursor Lesions
Chapter 31: Extraintestinal Endosonography (including Celiac Block)
Techniques for Staging Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with Endoscopic Ultrasound
Technique for Performing Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine Needle Aspiration
Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Celiac Plexus Block and Celiac Plexus Neurolysis
Chapter 32: Evaluation of Gastric Polyps and Thickened Gastric Folds
Epithelial Gastric Polyps
Subepithelial Gastric Polyps
Endoscopic Techniques and Management
Endoscopic Techniques and Considerations
Chapter 33: Endoscopic Therapy for Gastric Neoplasms
Chapter 34: Endoscopic Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome and Ampullary Tumors
Endoscopic Management of Periampullary Adenoma
Chapter 35: Colorectal Cancer Screening and Surveillance
Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer
Screening Strategies for Average-Risk Individuals
Early Cancer Detection Tests
Surveillance after Detection of Neoplasia
Complications of Screening and Surveillance
Controversies in Screening and Surveillance
Chapter 36: Colonoscopic Polypectomy, Mucosal Resection, and Submucosal Dissection
Clinical Features and Pathology
Indications and Contraindications
Management and Surveillance after Polypectomy
Chapter 37: Diagnostic Cholangiography
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Chapter 38: Diagnostic Pancreatography
Complications of Pancreatography
Normal Pancreatic Ductal Anatomy
Periampullary Pathology Related to Pancreatic Disease
Pathologic Patterns Seen during Pancreatography
Pancreatography in Acute Pancreatitis
Pancreatography in Chronic Pancreatitis
Magnetic Resonance Pancreatography
Chapter 39: Difficult Cannulation and Sphincterotomy
Catheter versus Sphincterotome Cannulation
Biliary and Pancreatic Standard Sphincterotomy
Juxtapapillary and Periampullary Diverticula
Roux-en-Y Anastomosis and Double-Balloon or Single-Balloon Enteroscopy for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Cannulation and Sphincterotomy of the Minor Papilla
Pancreatic Stents for Prevention of Pancreatitis following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Chapter 40: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Tissue Sampling Techniques
Techniques of Tissue Sampling
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Combining Multiple Sampling Techniques
Other Methods of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Tissue Sampling
Specimen Handling and Analysis
Chapter 41: Endoscopic Ultrasound of Pancreatic and Biliary Diseases
Gallbladder Stones, Sludge, and Polyps
Bile Duct Strictures and Cholangiocarcinoma
Solid Pancreatic Neoplasms
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Pancreas Cysts and Fluid Collections
Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Biliary Tree and Pancreas
Chapter 42: Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of Pancreaticobiliary Lesions
Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Tumors
Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in the Staging of Pancreatic Cancer
Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in Biliary Lesions
Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Therapy for Pancreaticobiliary Lesions
Chapter 43: Choledocholithiasis
Clinical Features and Diagnosis
Indications and Contraindications
Preoperative History and Considerations
Chapter 44: Benign Biliary Strictures and Leaks
Chapter 45: Infections of the Biliary Tract
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Cholangiopathy
Chapter 46: Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology
Therapy for Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
Failure to Achieve Symptomatic Improvement after Biliary Sphincterotomy
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction in Recurrent Pancreatitis
Chapter 47: Acute Pancreatitis and Peripancreatic Fluid Collections
Presentation and Classification of Acute Pancreatitis
Management of Mild Acute Pancreatitis (Interstitial-Edematous)
Identification and Clinical Importance of Pancreatic Necrosis
Infection in Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Role of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Severe Acute Gallstone Pancreatitis
Nutritional Support for Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Interventions for Pancreatic Necrosis
Long-Term Sequelae of Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Pancreatic and Peripancreatic Fluid Collections
Chapter 48: Acute Relapsing Pancreatitis
Work-up of Acute Relapsing Pancreatitis
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
Ampullary and Pancreatic Malignancies
Periampullary Duodenal Diverticula
Chapter 49: Chronic Pancreatitis, Stones, and Strictures
Chapter 50: Pancreatic Duct Leaks and Pseudocysts
Postoperative Care and Complications
Chapter 51: Palliation of Malignant Pancreaticobiliary Obstruction
Indications and Contraindications
Overview of Stents for Biliary Drainage
Antibiotics before Stent Placement Procedure
Technique of Stent Placement
Intrahepatic Biliary Obstruction
Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Plexus Neurolysis
Chapter 52: Endoscopic Management of Post–Bariatric Surgery Complications
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding
Vertical Banded Gastroplasty
Sleeve Gastrectomy and Duodenal Switch
Indications for Endoscopy
Chapter 53: Emerging Endoluminal Bariatric Techniques
Endoscopic Options for Endoluminal Primary Treatment of Obesity
Endoscopy for Managing Complications after Bariatric Surgery
Revisional Endoscopy after Bariatric Surgery
Chapter 54: Gastroenterologic Perspectives on Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)
Current State of Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) Research
Future Indications for the Gastroenterologist
Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection
Diagnostic Peritoneoscopy and Lymph Node Harvesting
Chapter 55: Surgical Perspectives on Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)
History of Minimally Invasive Surgery
History of Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery
Advantages of Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery
Disadvantages of Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery
Training Surgeons in Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery and Incorporating Natural Orifice Transluminal Endosco ...
Chapter 56: Emerging Intramural and Transmural Endoscopy
Techniques for Creation of a Submucosal Working Space: Submucosal Endoscopy with Mucosal Safety Valve Technique
Intramural Endoscopy (Submucosal Endoscopic Procedures)
Transmural Procedures with Submucosal Endoscopy with Mucosal Flap Approach
Chapter 57: Gastroduodenal and Colonic Endoprostheses
Malignant Gastroduodenal Obstruction
Chapter 58: Electronically Enhanced Endoscopic Imaging
Broad Field Image Enhancement Techniques: High-Resolution Endoscopy, Virtual Chromoendoscopy, and Other Optical Techniques
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
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