Physician Assistant: A Guide to Clinical Practice

Author: Ballweg> Ruth  

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences‎

Publication year: 2012

E-ISBN: 9781455723102

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781455706570

Subject: R192.5 health worker,

Keyword: 临床医学

Language: ENG

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Description

Prepare for every stage of your physician assistant career with Physician Assistant: A Guide to Clinical Practice, 5th Edition - the one text that takes you from your PA coursework through clinical practice! Concise, easy to read, and highly visual, this all-in-one resource by Ruth Ballweg, Edward M. Sullivan, Darwin Brown, and Daniel Vetrosky delivers the current, practical guidance you need to know to succeed in any setting.Consult this title on your favorite e-reader with intuitive search tools and adjustable font sizes. Elsevier eBooks provide instant portable access to your entire library, no matter what device you're using or where you're located.Master all the core competencies you need to know for certification or recertification.Access the entire text and illustrations online at www.expertconsult.com.Navigate today's professional challenges with new chapters on NCCPA Specialty Recognition; Communication Issues; the Electronic Health Record; Patient Safety and Quality of Care; Population-Based Practice; and Physician Assistants and Supervision.Meet ARC-PA accreditation requirements with coverage of key topics such as Student Safety in Clinical Settings, Health Care Delivery Systems, Population-Based Practice, and Mass Casualties/Disasters.Keep up with the PA competencies that are endorsed by the AAPA, PAEA, NCCPA, and ARC-PA.Master key concepts and clinical applications thanks to a succinct, bulleted writing style; convenient tables; practical case studies; and clini

Chapter

SECTION I OVERVIEW

Chapter 1 - History of the Profession and Current Trends

CHINA’S BAREFOOT DOCTORS

DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES

DEVELOPMENTS AT DUKE UNIVERSITY

CONCEPTS OF EDUCATION AND PRACTICE

MILITARY CORPSMEN

OTHER MODELS

CONTROVERSY ABOUT A NAME

PROGRAM EXPANSION

ACCREDITATION

CERTIFICATION

ORGANIZATIONS

TRENDS

NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY REPORTS

“FUTURES” EVENTS

CURRENT ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 2 - INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT PROFESSION

INDIA

GERMANY

SAUDI ARABIA

AFGHANISTAN

SOUTH AFRICA

CASE STUDIES

WHERE NEXT?

Chapter 3 - Education

THE MID-1960S THROUGH THE 1970S—PIONEER PERIOD

THE 1980S—MATURATION PERIOD

THE 1990S—BOOM OR BUST TIME

THE 2000S—MOVING FORWARD

THE FUTURE—WHAT WILL PA EDUCATION LOOK LIKE BEYOND 2010?

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 4 - Credentialing: Accreditation, Certification, Licensing, and Privileging

PROGRAM CREDENTIALING

GRADUATE CREDENTIALING

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 5 - National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants Specialty Recognition: Certificate of Added Qualifications

HISTORY

AAPA AND NCCPA

REMEDIATION AND RETOOLING

INSTITUTIONAL CONCERNS

EXTERNAL THREATS

NATIONAL MEETING

NCCPA CONSENSUS POINTS

FEEDBACK FROM THE FIELD

OUTCOMES—FUTURE PLANS

Chapter 6 - Financing and Reimbursement

GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED PROGRAMS

PRIVATE INSURANCE

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 7 - The Political Process

INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITIES

PRACTICE LAWS

INDIVIDUALS: PART OF THE WHOLE

STATE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS

FEDERAL REGULATORY PROCESS

STATE REGULATORY PROCESS

CASE STUDIES

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 8 - Evidence-Based Medicine

WHAT IS EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE?

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

SECTION II MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE

Chapter 9 - Research and the Physician Assistant

DEFINING RESEARCH

MEDICAL LITERATURE

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 10 - SAFETY IN CLINICAL SETTINGS

INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL

NEEDLESTICK AND SHARPS INJURIES

TUBERCULOSIS SCREENING

LATEX ALLERGY

STUDENT MISTREATMENT

SEXUAL HARASSMENT

Chapter 11 - Clinical Procedures

WOUNDS AND THEIR TREATMENT

COMMONLY PERFORMED CLINICAL PROCEDURES

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 12 - Genetics in Primary Care

GENETIC SKILLS NEEDED IN PRIMARY CARE

FUTURE

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 13 - Chronic Care Perspectives

CURRENT CARE SHORTFALLS

A NEW MODEL OF CARE

CHRONIC ILLNESS CARE CREATES A PARADIGM SHIFT: THE PATIENT-PROFESSIONAL PARTNERSHIP

ELEMENTS OF THE CHRONIC CARE MODEL

MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING AND ACTION PLANNING

SUPPORT SELF-EFFICACY

POPULATION-BASED MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASE

ROLE OF THE PA IN CHRONIC ILLNESS CARE: AN INTEGRATION OF THE PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CORE COMPETENCIES

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 14 - PHARMACOLOGY: THE USE OF MEDICATIONS

RISK-BENEFIT RATIO

DRUG ALLERGIES

LIMITING THE ARMAMENTARIUM

ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

DRUG INTERACTIONS

SAFETY IN PREGNANCY

COST-EFFECTIVENESS

THE PRESCRIPTION

INPATIENT ORDERS

DISPENSING

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 15 - COMPLEMENTARY AND ­ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

GOVERNMENT RESPONSE

PREVALENCE OF USE OF CAM IN THE UNITED STATES

TRENDS

HERBALS AND SUPPLEMENTS

IMPLICATIONS FOR PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS

WHAT PAS SHOULD KNOW WHEN MANAGING PATIENTS AND CAM USE

ROLE OF THE PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

SECTION III INTERPERSONAL AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Chapter 16 - Communication Issues

ONLINE COMMUNICATION IN HEALTH CARE OFFICE SETTINGS

TELEMEDICINE

PATIENT-PROVIDER COMMUNICATION

HEALTH LITERACY AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 17 - Electronic Health Record

DEVELOPMENT

IMPLEMENTATION

SECURITY

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 18 - Using Consultants and Community Resources

USING CONSULTANTS

USING COMMUNITY RESOURCES

OVERVIEW OF TYPICAL COMMUNITY SERVICES

CONCLUSION: HELP FOR THE S FAMILY

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

SECTION IV PATIENT CARE

Chapter 19 - Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Patient Education

HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

IMMUNIZATIONS

BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION

PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 20 - Family Medicine

PRIMARY CARE CONCEPTS

CONGRUENCE OF FAMILY PRACTICE AND INTERNAL MEDICINE

PRIMARY CARE INCOMES

EXPANDING CRISIS IN PRIMARY CARE AND FAMILY PRACTICE

PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY PHYSICIANS AND PAS

HISTORY OF FAMILY PRACTICE

HISTORY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

WHAT IS FAMILY PRACTICE?

WHAT DISTINGUISHES FAMILY PRACTICE FROM INTERNAL MEDICINE?

PAS EMPLOYED IN FAMILY PRACTICE AND INTERNAL MEDICINE

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 21 - Internal Medicine

WHAT IS INTERNAL MEDICINE?

INTERNAL MEDICINE PRACTICE

TYPICAL INTERNAL MEDICINE CASES

Chapter 22 - Emergency Medicine

PRINCIPLES OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

PROBLEM-ORIENTED HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

THE COMMUNITY

ROLE OF THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT WITHIN THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

GENERAL APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF ABDOMINAL PAIN

FEMALE WITH LOWER ABDOMINAL PAIN AND VAGINAL BLEEDING

MANAGEMENT OF THE FEBRILE CHILD YOUNGER THAN 2 YEARS

EYE EMERGENCIES

EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT EMERGENCIES

NECK PAIN AND LOW BACK PAIN

SPRAINS

MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS

NEUROLOGIC AND TENDON EVALUATION OF THE FOREARM, WRIST, AND HAND

WILDERNESS MEDICINE

MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS

DRUG AND ALCOHOL POISONING IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

LEGAL AND ETHICAL DECISIONS IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

CLINICAL PEARLS IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 23 - Pediatrics

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

ISSUES IN PEDIATRICS

WHAT IS THE PRACTICE OF PEDIATRICS?

CHOICES FOR PRACTICE

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 24 - Obstetrics and Gynecology

COUNSELING

TASKS AND PROCEDURES

PRACTICE CHOICES IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 25 - SURGERY

LEARNING THE ROPES

ASSISTANT IN SURGERY

JUDGMENT, HANDS, TOOLS, AND DEVICES

WHO’S WHO IN THE OPERATING ROOM

PREOPERATIVE PATIENT EVALUATION

BLOOD AND BLOOD PRODUCTS

DOCUMENTATION

PREPARATION FOR SURGERY

ASEPSIS AND INFECTION CONTROL IN THE OPERATING ROOM

SKIN PREPARATION

SURGICAL HAND SCRUB

GENERAL PREPARATIONS

GOWNING AND GLOVING

MAINTAINING A STERILE FIELD

PATIENT POSITIONING

OPERATIVE SITE DRAPING AND EQUIPMENT

SURGICAL ASSISTING AND INSTRUMENTATION

MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY

SURGICAL BLEEDING

CONCEPTS FOR SURGICAL ASSISTING

POSTOPERATIVE CARE

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 26 - GERIATRIC MEDICINE

AGE-RELATED CHANGES

GERIATRIC SYNDROMES

COMMON PROBLEMS IN GERIATRIC CARE

DEPRESSION

SEXUALITY AND AGING

PROSTATE DISEASE

UNIQUE ISSUES IN GERIATRIC CARE

COMMUNITY RESOURCES AND SERVICES

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 27 - Behavioral Science and Medicine: Essentials in Practice

MENTAL HEALTH

STRUCTURE OF THE PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT–PATIENT ENCOUNTER

PSYCHOTHERAPY

SUPPORTING BEHAVIORAL CHANGE

REFERRAL: HOW AND WHEN

MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

MAJOR DEPRESSION (DSM-IV 296.2)

ANXIETY DISORDERS

DISCUSSION

PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS

DELIRIUM AND DEMENTIA

SUMMARY

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 28 - PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS IN HOSPITAL MEDICINE

SCOPE OF PRACTICE

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 29 - Orthopedics

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS IN ORTHOPEDICS

ORTHOPEDIC HISTORY

MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

SPECIAL ORTHOPEDIC TESTS

COMMON ORTHOPEDIC PROBLEMS

CHALLENGES AND REWARDS FOR PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS IN ORTHOPEDICS

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 30 - Dermatology

HISTORY OF DERMATOLOGY

WHAT IS DERMATOLOGY?

CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 31 - ONCOLOGY

PATIENT CARE

FOR THE STUDENT

SALARY RANGES

CANCER CARE

GOALS OF TREATMENT

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 32 - Infectious Disease

HISTORY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE

COMMON ROLES OF THE PA IN AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE PRACTICE

STUDENT MENTORING

PROBLEM-BASED CLINICAL ASSESSMENT IN THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE SETTING

CHAPTER 33 - OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE

WHAT SHOULD YOU KNOW BEFORE YOU START THE ROTATION?

HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE

LABOR ORGANIZATIONS’ CONTRIBUTION

LEGISLATION

WHAT TO EXPECT

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

SECTION V PROFESSIONALISM

CHAPTER 34 - PROFESSIONALISM

ELEMENTS OF THE PA COMPETENCY OF PROFESSIONALISM

BEHAVIOR TOWARD THE PATIENT

BEHAVIOR TOWARD OTHER PROFESSIONALS

BEHAVIOR TOWARD THE PUBLIC

BEHAVIOR TOWARD ONESELF

FOSTERING PROFESSIONALISM

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 35 - CLINICAL ETHICS

SKILLS, COMPETENCE, AND CONFIDENCE

CHARACTER AND VIRTUE

ETHICS AND MORALS AND THEORIES

SHORT HISTORY OF CLINICAL BIOETHICS

DATA TO COLLECT FOR A CLINICAL ETHICAL ANALYSIS

HOW TO COLLECT DATA FOR A CLINICAL ETHICAL ANALYSIS

RECOGNITION OF ETHICAL ISSUES IN PRACTICE

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 36 - Medical Malpractice and Risk Management

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT’S REACTION TO NOTIFICATION OF A LAWSUIT

REASONS THAT PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS ARE SUED

COMMONSENSE RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS

DISCOVERY RULE

MEDICAL MALPRACTICE DEFINED

NATIONAL PRACTITIONER DATA BANK

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 37 - Postgraduate Residency Programs

HISTORY OF POSTGRADUATE RESIDENCY EDUCATION

ASSOCIATION OF POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMS

APPAP MEMBERSHIP

RESIDENCY PROGRAM ACCREDITATION

CURRENT AVAILABLE PROGRAMS

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING PROGRAMS

RESIDENT PERCEPTIONS OF TRAINING

RESIDENCY GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 38 - Dealing with Stress and Burnout

DECISION TO BECOME A PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT

EXPERIENCE OF STRESS IN TRAINING

STRESS ON THE JOB

BURNOUT

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

SECTION VI PRACTICE-BASED LEARNING AND IMPROVEMENT

Chapter 39 - Health Disparities

WHAT ARE HEALTH DISPARITIES?

HEALTH LITERACY AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH DISPARITIES

HEALTH DISPARITIES: SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Chapter 40 - Patient Safety and Quality of Care

QUALITY CARE MOVEMENT IN AMERICA

TYPES OF MEDICAL ERRORS

PATIENT SAFETY STRATEGIES

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

References

Resources

Chapter 41 - Population-Based Health

HISTORY

WHAT IS POPULATION-BASED MEDICINE?

PREVENTION OF MEDICAL ERRORS

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

PREMATURE MORTALITY

DISPARITY IN HEALTH

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

SUMMARY

References

Resources

SECTION VII SYSTEMS-BASED PRACTICE

CHAPTER 42 - Health Care Delivery Systems

HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS

INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

PATIENT-CENTERED MEDICAL HOMES

ACCOUNTABLE CARE ORGANIZATIONS

IMPLICATIONS FOR PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS

RECRUITMENT/HIRING/EMPLOYMENT ISSUES

STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS

REPORTING PATTERNS

NEW DELIVERY SYSTEMS—MEDICAL HOMES

PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE

CONCLUSIONS/PROJECTIONS

References

Resource

Chapter 43 - Rehabilitative and Long-Term Care Systems

HOME CARE—INFORMAL CAREGIVERS

HOME CARE—HOME CARE ORGANIZATIONS

HOSPICE

MEDICAL HOUSE CALLS

ASSISTED-LIVING FACILITIES

NURSING HOMES

References

Resources

Chapter 44 - Health Care for Homeless Populations

ADULTS

PEDIATRICS

ADOLESCENTS

MILITARY VETERANS

CONCLUSION

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

References

Chapter 45 - Correctional Medicine

WORKING IN A CORRECTIONAL ENVIRONMENT

PROVIDING HEALTH CARE IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

STAFFING IN CORRECTIONAL MEDICINE

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

CHRONIC DISEASE IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

MANAGING MENTAL HEALTH IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

SPECIAL ISSUES IN CORRECTIONS

MANAGING ETHICAL CONFLICTS IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Resources

Chapter 46 - Military Medicine

SCOPE OF PRACTICE

ROLE OF PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS IN THE MILITARY

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Resources

Chapter 47 - Inner-City Health Care

CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS?

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY INNER CITY?

DIVERSITY IN THE INNER CITY

HEALTH DISPARITIES

HEALTH CARE IN THE INNER CITY

RECENT TRENDS IN THE INNER CITY

ROLE OF PUBLIC TEACHING HOSPITALS

ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENTS

ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS

INCREASING COMPLEXITY OF INNER-CITY PRACTICE

UNIQUE HEALTH CONCERNS

THE CHILDREN, THE FUTURE

References

Resources

Chapter 48 - Rural Health Care

WHAT IS RURAL? AND WHY DOES IT MATTER?

CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES

RURAL DEMOGRAPHICS

ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE

RURAL CLINICS: FRONTLINE ACCESS

FUNDING AND REIMBURSEMENT FOR RURAL HEALTH SERVICES

RURAL HEALTH WORKFORCE ISSUES

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS AND RURAL MEDICINE

REQUISITES FOR A RURAL PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT

CHALLENGES AND REWARDS OF RURAL PRACTICE

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

References

Resources

Chapter 49 - International Health Care

PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

QUALIFICATIONS

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Resources

Chapter 50 - Patients with Disabilities

PROVIDING APPROPRIATE CARE FOR PATIENTS WHO ARE DEAF AND HARD OF HEARING

PROVIDING APPROPRIATE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH MOBILITY DISABILITIES

PROVIDING APPROPRIATE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS

PROVIDING APPROPRIATE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

References

Resources

Chapter 51 - End-of-Life Issues

TRUTH-TELLING

HELPING PATIENTS MAKE INFORMED DECISIONS

PLANNING FOR DEATH

EMERGING ISSUES

ADVANCE DIRECTIVES

HOSPICE

HAVING THE CONVERSATION

STAGES OF DYING

STAGES OF GRIEF

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

References

Resources

Chapter 52 - Mass Casualty and Disaster Management

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS AS EDUCATORS

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS AS PROVIDERS

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS IN AFTERCARE

LONG-TERM EFFECTS

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS IN POLICY

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT TRAINING FOR DISASTER RESPONSE

SUMMARY

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

References

Chapter 53 - Physician Assistants and Supervision

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

SHARED KNOWLEDGE BASE

DEPENDENT PRACTICE VERSUS INTERDEPENDENT PRACTICE

COMMUNICATION, COORDINATION, AND CONTINUITY OF CARE

DELEGATED SCOPE OF PRACTICE

AUTONOMOUS MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING

AGENCY RELATIONSHIP

SUPERVISION

FLEXIBILITY IN SUPERVISION

PRACTICE OWNERSHIP

SUMMARY

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

References

Resources

Appendix - Competencies for the Physician Assistant Profession

PREAMBLE

INTRODUCTION

MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE

INTERPERSONAL AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS

PATIENT CARE

PROFESSIONALISM

PRACTICE-BASED LEARNING AND IMPROVEMENT

SYSTEMS-BASED PRACTICE

INDEX

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