BORATES: CHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS

BORATES: CHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO BORATES

1.1. BORATE COMPOUNDS

1.2. PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORTANCE

1.3. ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS

1.4. BORON TOXICITY

1.5. EFFECT ON PLANT GROWTH

1.6. USES

1.7. LITERATURE ON BORATES

REFERENCES

Chapter 2: CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BORATES

2.1. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

2.1.1. Qualitative Analysis

2.1.2. Quantitative Analysis

2.1.3. Borate Buffers

2.1.4. Analysis of Borate Complexes

2.1.4.1. Chromatographic Techniques

a. Gel Chromatography

b. Ion Chromatography

c. Gas Chromatography

d. High Performance Liquid Chromatography

e. Thin-Layer Chromatography

2.1.4.2. Spectrometric Techniques

a. UV and Visible Spectrometry

b. Infrared (IR) / Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR)

c. Raman Spectrometry

d. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (NMR)

e. Mass Spectrometry (MS)

f. Fluorimetry

g. Emission Spectrometry

h. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

i. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

j. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

2.1.4.3. Electrochemical Techniques

a. Potentiometry

b. Conductometry

c. Amperometry

d. Voltammetry

2.1.4.4. Electrophoretic Techniques

a. Capillary Electrophoresis

b. Capillary Isotachophoresis

c. Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC)

2.1.5. Borate Interactions

2.1.6. Flow Injection Analysis

2.1.7. Thermal Analysis

2.1.8. Water Analysis

2.1.9. Clinical Analysis

2.1.10. Elemental Analysis

2.1.11. Borate Catalyzed / Inhibited Reactions

2.1.12. Synthesis of Borate Compounds

REFERENCES

Chapter 3: PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS OF BORATES

3.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT BORATES

3.1.1. Boric Acid

3.1.2. Sodium Borate

3.1.3. Sodium Perborate

3.2. CLINICAL USES

3.2.1. Antibacterial Agent

3.2.2. Antifungal Agent

3.2.3. Chemopreventive Agent for Human Cancer

3.2.4. Wound Treatment

3.2.5. Eye Infections

3.2.6. Ear Infections

3.2.7. Dental Treatment

3.3. EFFECT ON DRUG STABILITY

3.3.1. Catalytic Effect

3.3.2. Stabilizing Effect

3.4. DISSOLUTION KINETICS

3.5. PHARMACOKINETICS

3.6. YEAST GROWTH

REFERENCES

Chapter 4: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BORATES

4.1. INTRODUCTION

4.2. TOXICITY OF BORATES

4.2.1. Human Toxicity

4.2.2. Embryotoxicity

4.2.3. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity

4.2.4. Genotoxicity

4.2.5. Phytotoxicity

4.3. ABSORPTION OF BORIC ACID

4.4. METABOLISM

4.5. OXIDATIVE STRESS

4.6. ENZYME INHIBITION

4.7. SYNTHESIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS

4.8. ANALYSIS IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS

REFERENCES

Chapter 5: APPLICATIONS OF BORATES

5.1. GENERAL APPLICATIONS

5.1.1. Boric Acid

5.1.2. Borates

5.2. MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS

5.2.1. Preservatives

5.2.2. Fire Retardants

5.2.3. Insecticides

5.2.4. Pharmaceuticals

5.2.5. Cosmetics

5.2.6. Borosilicate Glasses

REFERENCES

INDEX