STORMWATER MANAGEMENT: AN INTRODUCTION TO GREEN GULLY

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT: AN INTRODUCTION TO GREEN GULLY

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO GREEN GULLY

1.1. GENERAL BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE

1.2. ROAD GULLIES AND THE CONCEPT OF GREEN GULLY

1.3. GREEN GULLY

1.4. PURPOSES AND WORKING PRINCIPLES OF THE GREEN GULLY

1.4.1. Working Principle 1

Diverting Water from the Roadways to Drainage and Irrigation Unit

1.4.2. Working Principle 2

Watering the Plant with Stormwater

1.5. SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH

1.6. OUTCOMES AND LIMITATIONS

1.7. BOOK OUTLINE

Chapter 2: STORMWATER MANAGEMENT, TREATMENT AND REUSE

2.1. BACKGROUND

2.2. PRINCIPLES OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

Stormwater, Road-Runoff and Effluent

Pollutant, Sources and Impact

Harvesting

Treatment

Pollutant Trapping Processes

2.3. STORMWATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT DEVICES

2.4. STORMWATER PRIMARY TREATMENT MEASURES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2.5. STORMWATER REUSE

2.5.1. Aquifer Storage and Recovery

2.5.2. Urban Lakes

2.5.3. Constructed Wetlands

2.5.4. Rainwater Tanks

2.5.5. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)

2.5.6. Water Harvesting

2.5.7. Industrial Reuse

2.5.8. Unplanned Reuse

2.6. FIRST FLUSH

2.7. STORMWATER RESEARCH: EXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATIONS

Chapter 3: EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF GREEN GULLY

3.1. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND PROCEDURES

3.1.1. Equipment

Pitot Static Tube

3.1.2. Litter Used

3.1.3. Experimental Procedures and Plan

3.2. PERFORMANCE CALCULATION AND ANALYSISOF GREEN GULLY

3.3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.3.1. Cross-Diagonal Screen, without Litter

3.3.2. Cross-Diagonal Screen, with Litter

3.3.3. Perpendicular Screen, without Litter

3.3.4. Perpendicular Screen, with Litter

3.3.5. Square Screen, without Litter

3.3.6. Square Screen, with Litter

3.4. EXPERIMENTAL ERROR ANALYSIS

3.5. COMPARISON OF RESULTS CONSIDERING LITTER ACCUMULATION

3.5.1. Flume Angle: 0°

3.5.2. Flume Angle: 1°

3.5.3. Flume Angle: 2°

3.6. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONSIDERING LITTER CONCENTRATION

Chapter 4: COMPUTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF GREEN GULLY

4.1. COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)

4.1.1. Computational Methodology

Preprocessing

Solving

Post Processing

4.1.2. Assumptions of Fluid Mechanics

4.2. NUMERICAL MODELLING

4.2.1. Navier-Stokes Equations

4.2.2. Discretisation Method

Finite Difference Method (FDM)

Finite Volume Method (FMV)

Finite Element Method (FEM)

4.2.3. Modelling Turbulence

Standard k-Epsilon (k-ε) Model

Reynolds Stress Model (RSM)

Realisable k- ε Model

4.3. A BRIEF REVIEW ON NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS

4.4. SIMULATION APPROACH

4.4.1. Mesh Generation

4.4.2. Boundary Conditions

4.4.3. Analysis And Computation Using FLUENT 6.3.26

4.4.4. Post-Processing of Results

4.4.5. Comparison of Simulated and Experimental Efficiency

4.5. GOVERNING EQUATIONS FOR SIMULATION

4.6.MODEL GEOMETREY AND ITS MESHING

4.6.1. Model Geometry

4.6.2. Meshing the Geometry

4.6.3. Grid Independency

4.6.4. Mesh in FLUENT

4.6.5. Multiphase Model

4.7. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

4.8. COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES

4.9. POST-PROCESSING / SIMULATION

4.10. SIMULATED RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Chapter 5: STORMWATER QUALITY

5.1. STORMWATER QUALITY

5.1.1. Stormwater Quality Parameters

5.1.2. APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Waterand Wastewater

5.1.3. Anzecc Standard

5.1.4. Water Quality Measurement

5.2. SAMPLING SITES AND METHODS

5.2.1. Site Selection

CQUniversity Car Park (Sample 1)

Bruce Highway (Sample 2)

Hillside (Sample 3)

5.2.2. Sampling Method

5.3.METHODS OF STORMWATER QUALITYPARAMETER TESTS

5.4. ROAD RUNOFF QUALITY RESULTSAND DISCUSSIONS

Chapter 6: CONCLUDING REMARKS

6.1. CONCLUSIONS

6.1.1. Experimental Results

6.1.2. Numerical Simulation

6.1.3. Stormwater Quality

6.2. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

6.2.1. Laboratory Experiments

6.2.2. Numerical Simulation

6.2.3. Stormwater Quality

6.2.4. Green Gully for Future Research

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

INDEX