Cyanide Formation and Fate in Complex Effluents and its Relation to Water Quality Criteria ( WERF Research Report Series )

Publication series ：WERF Research Report Series

Author： Michael Kavanaugh

Publisher： IWA Publishing‎

Publication year： 2004

E-ISBN: 9781780404073

Subject： TU992 Drainage ditches (engineering, sewage works)

Keyword：工业技术

Language： ENG

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Cyanide Formation and Fate in Complex Effluents and its Relation to Water Quality Criteria

Description

Cyanide occurs in many industrial and municipal wastewaters and is often an expected constituent of typical treatment plant wastewater streams. However, a growing number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across the USA have detected cyanide in cholorinated effluents at levels exceeding influent concentrations. Because water quality criteria and related discharge limits are typically low some of these WWTPs periodically exceed effluent cyanide standards. Potential causes include cyanide formation during wastewater cholrination processes, the presence of interferences that cause false negatives, and false positives caused by artifacts of sample handling or analytical techniques. The possible causes of the apparent cyanide formation phenomenon were investigated in this study. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below

Chapter

COVER

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ABSTRACT AND BENEFITS

1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND

1.1 Background

1.2 Overview of Report

2.0 EVALUATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR CYANIDE SPECIES IN MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS*

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Overview of Cyanide Analytical Methods

2.3 Methods

2.4 Results

2.5 Conclusions

3.0 THE EFFECT OF CHLORINATION ON ORGANOCYANIDE COMPOUNDS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Results and Discussion

4.0 FATE OF CYANIDE IN WWTPS AND WWTP MONITORING PROGRAMS

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Methods

4.3 Results

4.4 Discussion and Conclusions

4.5 Recommendations

5.0 THE EFFECTS OF THIOCYANATE ON FREE CYANIDE FORMATION DURING CHLORINATION AND UV DISINFECTION OF WWTP SECONDARY EFFLUENT

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Potential Reaction Processes for Cyanide Formation from Thiocyanate Decomposition

5.3 Methods

5.4 Results and Discussion

5.5 Formation of Cyanide in Total Cyanide Analysis Techniques

5.6 Summary

6.0 FORMATION OF FREE CYANIDE AND CYANOGEN CHLORIDE FROM CHLORINATION OF WWTP SECONDARY EFFLUENT CONTAINING RESIDUAL AMMONIA

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Methods

6.3 Results and Discussion

7.0 EFFECTS OF NITROSATION ON THE FORMATION OF CYANIDE IN WWTPS SECONDARY EFFLUENT

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Methods

7.3 Results and Discussion

7.4 Conclusions

8.0 TRANSPORT AND FATE OF CYANIDE SPECIES IN SURFACE WATERS

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Methods and Materials

8.3 Development of the Cyanide Transport and Fate Model

8.4 Experimental, Observational, and Computational Assessment of Cyanide Fate-Determining Processes

8.5 Model Calibration

8.6 Summary and Conclusions

9.0 EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA AND DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR CYANIDE

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Compilation and Evaluation of Current Cyanide Water Quality Criteria and Discharge Standards

9.3 Evaluation of the Potential for Cyanide Species-Based Water Quality Criteria and Discharge Standards

9.4 Development of Objectives for New or Modified Water Quality Criteria and Discharge Standards for Cyanide

10.0 FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS AND STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO MEETING COMPLIANCE STANDARDS FOR CYANIDE DISCHARGE

10.1 Conclusions

10.2 Strategic Approaches to Meeting Compliance with Cyanide Discharge Standards

10.3 Compliance Strategies for WWTPs

10.4 Recommendations for Future Research

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX C

APPENDIX D

APPENDIX E

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