Cover

Contents

Preface

Part I - Philosophical, Theoretical, and Methodological Perspectives and Issues

Section Overview

Chapter 1 - Diversity in Philosophical Approaches

Historical Context for Development of Nursing Theory and Research

Characterization of the Three Philosophical Approaches

Relation of Middle-Range Theory to the Three Philosophical Approaches

Illustration of the Three Philosophical Approaches in Nursing Research

Sociopolitical Influences on Contemporary Nursing Science

Implications for Clinical Nursing Research

Chapter 2 - Evolving Nursing Research Traditions: Influencing Factors

National Infrastructure and Resource Factors

Establishment of the National Institute of Nursing Research

Nursing Research Traditions

Research Traditions for the Future

Summary

Chapter 3 - What is Known About Caring in Nursing Science: A Literary Meta-Analysis

Methods

Level I: The Capacity for Caring

Level II: Concerns/Commitments

Level III: Conditions

Level IV: Caring Actions

Level V: Caring Consequences

Caring Relationships

Conclusions

Chapter 4 - Relationship of Research Perspectives to Methodology

Introduction

Current Worldviews and Research Approaches

Proposals to Accommodate Differing Paradigms

Conclusions

Summary

Part IIA - Critical Health Needs of Communities and Vulnerable Populations: Clinical Nursing Research for Vulnerable Populations

Section Overview

Chapter 5 - The Sampler Quilt: A Metaphor of Rural Communities

Focus and Background

Rural Communities

Conceptual Bases of Rural Nursing

Methodological Issues

Recommendations

Conclusions and Summary

Chapter 6 - Research with Immigrants and Refugees

Overview

Theoretical Orientation and Definitions

Nursing Research on Immigrant and Refugee Health

Discussion and Conclusions

Chapter 7 - Cultural Interventions for Ethnic Groups of Color

Historical Perspectives

Conceptual and Theoretical Perspectives

State of the Science of Clinical Nursing Research

Recommendations

Chapter 8 - Community-Focused Interventions and Outcomes Strategies

Theoretical Perspectives

Issues Affecting Community-Focused Practice and Research

State of the Science: Community-Focused Interventions and Outcomes

Advancing the Science: Recommendations for Further Research

Conclusions

Part IIB - Clinical Nursing Practice Strategies and Nurse Sensitive Outcomes

Section Overview

Chapter 9 - Promoting Physiological Stability

Points of View Found in the Literature

The State of the Science

Summary and Recommendations for Future Research

Chapter 10 - Therapeutic Actions and Outcomes for Preterm (Low Birth Weight) Infants

Infant Stimulation

Behavioral Organization

Development of Behaviors in Preterm Infants

Effect of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Environmental Stimulation

Effect of Painful Procedures

Social Interaction

Feeding and Sucking Behaviors

Studies of Nursing Procedures for Preterm Infants

Neonatal Nurse Practitioners

Testing Interventions to Improve the Development of Preterm Infants

Long-Term Developmental and Health Status of Preterm Infants

State of the Science on Care for Preterm (Low Birth Weight) Infants

Recommendations for Future Research

Chapter 11 - Therapeutic Outcomes Sensitive to Nursing

Conceptual Model

Critical Analysis of Selected Instruments

Conceptual and Methodological Issues

Conclusion

Part IIC - Families in Health, Illness, and Life Transitions

Section Overview

Chapter 12 - Normative Family Transitions and Health Outcomes

Concept of Transition

Family Science Theories and Normative Family Transitions

Criteria and Process for Research Review

Nursing Research on Normative Family Transitions

Conclusions and Recommendations

Chapter 13 - Nursing Care of Families in Non-Normative Transitions: The State of Science and Practice

Method

Prior Reviews and Discussions

Contemporary Research in Family Nursing

Where Do We Go From Here?

Conclusion

Chapter 14 - Nursing Research of Families: State of The Science and Correspondence with Policy

Introduction

Frameworks

Assessment

Strategies

Part IID - Health Promotion and Risk Reduction

Section Overview

Chapter 15 - Interventions for Promoting Health in Adolescents

Overview

Introduction

Perspectives in Interventions to Promote Health in Adolescents

Synthesis of the State of the Science

Summary

Recommendations for Advancing the Science

Chapter 16 - Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in Black Americans

Overview

Background Literature

Description and Comparison Across Various Perspectives

Synthesis of the State of Nursing Science and Practice

Recommendations for Advancing the Field of Nursing Science and Practice

Conclusion

Chapter 17 - Lowering Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Children and Adolescents

Introduction

What has Been Studied?

Synthesis of the State of the Science

Recommendations for Advancement of Nursing Science

Chapter 18 - Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Intervention in Worksites

Overview

Conceptual and Theoretical Perspectives and Diversity of Views

Existing Research in the Field

Critique of Existing Studies

Studies by Nurse Scientists

State of Nursing Science

Recommendations for Advancing Nursing Science

Summary

Part IIE - Blobehavioral Manifestations of Health and Illness

Section Overview

Chapter 19 - Management of Mobility and Altered Physical Activity

Introduction

Mobility, Physical Activity, Activity Intolerance, and Related Concepts

Nursing Research Related to Mobility and Physical Activity

Promising Approaches to Research

Strategies

Chapter 20 - Managing Dyspnea

Overview

Theoretical Models

Measurement of Dyspnea

Correlates of Dyspnea

Management of Dyspnea

Recommendations for Knowledge Development

Conclusions

Chapter 21 - Managing Pain

Introduction

State of the Science

Description and Comparison of Conceptual and Theoretical Perspectives

Areas for Future Inquiry

Translation of Knowledge Into Practice

Conclusions

Chapter 22 - Managing Urinary and Fecal Incontinence

Introduction

Background

Nursing Management: Interventions and Application

Measurement and Outcomes in Urinary and Fecal Incontinence Research

State of the Science

Chapter 23 - Managing Nausea and Vomiting

Overview

Nausea and Vomiting

Anorexia

Chapter 24 - Managing Sleep and Waking Behaviors and the Symptom of Fatigue

Overview

Sleep and Waking Behaviors

Sleep and Waking Behaviors: Science in Nursing

Sleep and Waking: State of the Nursing Science

Recommendations for Advancing Nursing Science Regarding Sleep and Waking

Fatigue as a Symptom

Fatigue as a Symptom: Science in Nursing

Fatigue: State of the Nursing Science

Recommendations for Advancing Nursing Science Regarding Fatigue

Summary of Comments on Nursing Science Related to Sleep and Fatigue

Part IIF - Women's Health

Section Overview

Chapter 25 - Women's Work, Women's Health

Overview

Perspectives on Women and Work

State of the Science on Women, Work, and Health

Recommendations for Advancing Nursing Science

Summary

Chapter 26 - From Menarche to Menopause: Contributions from Nursing Research and Recommendations for Practice

Introduction

Menarche

Menstruation

Studies of Menstrual Cycle in Context

Menopause

Critique

Chapter 27 - Infertility

Overview of Description and Comparison Across Various Perspectives

Evaluation, Synthesis, and Critique of the Literature

Historical Perspective on the Literature

Recommendations for Advancing Our Scientific Knowledge

Summary

Chapter 28 - Women and Sexuality: Contributions from Nursing Research and Practice Recommendations

Normative Experiences

Clinical Interruptions

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Other Studies

Methodological Issues

Gaps

Recommendations for Advancing Science to Guide Nursing Practice

Chapter 29 - Clinical Nursing Research on Battered Women and Their Children: A Review

Introduction

Summary of Review of Nursing Research, 1981-1991

Inclusion Criteria for Review

Overview of Battering as a Clinical Nursing Problem

Theoretical Perspectives

Synthesis and Evaluation of Clinical Nursing Research: Methodology

Synthesis and Evaluation of Clinical Nursing Research: Clinical Findings

Part IIG - Older Adults: Health and Illness Issues

Section Overview

Chapter 30 - Activities of Daily Living: Factors Related to Independence

Theoretical Approaches

Empirical Indicators

Synthesis of Research

Relationship Between Functional Limitations and Disability

Clinical Practice Issues and Directions for Research

Directions for Research

Chapter 31 - Managing Cognitive Impairment and Depression in the Elderly

Descriptions and Theoretical Bases of Delirium

Descriptions and Theoretical Bases of Dementia

Descriptions and Theoretical Bases of Depression

Clinical Nursing Research Approaches for Delirium

Clinical Nursing Research Approaches for Dementia

Clinical Nursing Research Approaches for Depression

Strengths and Weaknesses in the Science

Recommendations for Advancing the Science in this Field of Study

Summary

Chapter 32 - Supportive and Nonsupportive Care Environments for the Elderly

Conceptualizing Environment

State of the Science: Supportive and Nonsupportive Environments for the Elderly

Summary and Conclusions

Part IIH - Environments for Optimizing Client Outcomes

Section Overview

Chapter 33 - Acute Care Environments

Theoretical Perspectives

State of the Science

Recommendations for Advancing the Science

Recommendations for Future Directions

Chapter 34 - Transitional Environments

Definitions and Issues

Current and Emerging Models of Transitional Care

Subacute Care Units

Integrated Health Care Systems

Nurse Case Management

Gaps and Recommendations

Chapter 35 - Quality Outcomes and Contextual Variables in Nursing Homes

Perspectives Used in Studies of Context and Resident Outcomes in Nursing Homes

The State of the Science

Advancing Nursing Science in Nursing Home Context and Resident Outcomes

Conclusion

Author Index

Subject Index

About the Editors

About the Contributors