An Ecology of High-Altitude Infancy :A Biocultural Perspective ( Cambridge Studies in Medical Anthropology )

Publication subTitle :A Biocultural Perspective

Publication series :Cambridge Studies in Medical Anthropology

Author: Andrea S. Wiley  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2004

E-ISBN: 9780511189722

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521830003

Subject: R-05 medical relationship with other subjects

Keyword: 社会学

Language: ENG

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An Ecology of High-Altitude Infancy

Description

Andrea Wiley investigates the ecological, historical, and socio-cultural factors that contribute to the peculiar pattern of infant mortality in Ladakh, a high-altitude region in the western Himalayas of India. Ladakhi newborns are extremely small at birth, smaller than those in other high-altitude populations, smaller still than those in sea level regions. Factors such as hypoxia, dietary patterns, the burden of women's work, gender, infectious diseases, seasonality, and use of local health resources all affect a newborn's birth weight and raise the likelihood of infant mortality. An Ecology of High-Altitude Infancy is unique in that it makes use of the methods of human biology but strongly emphasizes the ethnographic context that gives human biological measures their meaning. It is an example of a new genre of anthropological work: 'ethnographic human biology'.

Chapter

A Biocultural Perspective on Health

The Population and the Body

Health

The Environment

Adaptation

Biocultural Synthesis: High-Altitude Examples

A Biocultural Perspective on Reproductive Health in Ladakh

Ethnographic Human Biology

2 Challenges of High-Altitude Living

High Altitude: Laboratory for Human Adaptability

Hypoxia and Fetal Growth

Hypoxia and Child Health

High Altitude and Infant Mortality

High Altitude and Fertility

Other Ecological Stresses of High Altitude

3 Contextualizing Reproductive Health Research in Ladakh

Geography

Early Historical Context

Political, Demographic, and Social Changes

Household Subsistence

Household Dynamics

Gender Dynamics

Diet

Health Care Institutions

Reflexivity in Human Biology Research

Background to Fieldwork

Routines of Fieldwork

4 Big Mountains, Small Babies

Pregnancy and Birthweight

Measuring Mothers and Newborns

Sample Characteristics

Potential Sample Biases in Health Parameters

Descriptive Anthropometry

Intrapopulation Variation in Birth Outcome

Maternal Nutritional Status and Birth Outcome

Diet during Pregnancy

Workloads during Pregnancy

Ethnicity and Birth Outcome

Buddhist-Muslim Differences in Birth Outcome

The Institutional Management of Pregnancy and Birth

Biomedical Care

The Role of Tibetan Medicine in Pregnancy Management

Other Healers

Summary

5 An Ecology of Infancy in Ladakh

Determinants of Infant Mortality

Follow-up of Infants in This Study

Neonatal Characteristics and Infant Mortality

Hospital Birth and Pediatric Admissions Records

Pattern and Level of Infant Mortality

Hospital Deaths

Patterns of Morbidity

The Ecology of Infant Health and Death

Neonatal Ecology

Ecology of Infant Health

Summary

6 Comparative Perspectives on Reproductive Health in Ladakh

Ladakh in Relation to New World High-Altitude Populations

Neonatal Characteristics

Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Summary: Ladakh and the Andes Compared

Ladakh in the Himalayan Context

Birthweight

Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Summary: Ladakh in the Himalayan Context

Ladakh in the Context of South Asia

Birthweight

Neonatal and Infant Mortality

Summary: Ladakh in the Indian Context

Conclusions

7 Toward Relevant Research: Adaptation and Policy Perspectives on Maternal-Infant Health in Ladakh

The Proximate Determinants of Infant Mortality in Ladakh

Birthweight

Neonatal Mortality

Postneonatal Mortality

Adaptive Status: Ladakhi Mothers and Infants

The Household: Compromise and Adaptation

Impact of Social and Economic Change on the Household

Adaptation and Reproductive Health: Concluding Remarks

Intervention

Targeting Neonatal Mortality in Ladakh

Infant Mortality Statistics in Global Perspective

Targeting Birthweight

Infectious Disease

The Future of Reproductive Health in Ladakh

Notes

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 7

References

Index

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