Description
Andrea Wiley investigates the ecological, historical, and socio-cultural factors that contribute to the peculiar pattern of infant mortality in Ladakh, a high-altitude region in the western Himalayas of India. Ladakhi newborns are extremely small at birth, smaller than those in other high-altitude populations, smaller still than those in sea level regions. Factors such as hypoxia, dietary patterns, the burden of women's work, gender, infectious diseases, seasonality, and use of local health resources all affect a newborn's birth weight and raise the likelihood of infant mortality. An Ecology of High-Altitude Infancy is unique in that it makes use of the methods of human biology but strongly emphasizes the ethnographic context that gives human biological measures their meaning. It is an example of a new genre of anthropological work: 'ethnographic human biology'.
Chapter
A Biocultural Perspective on Health
The Population and the Body
Biocultural Synthesis: High-Altitude Examples
A Biocultural Perspective on Reproductive Health in Ladakh
Ethnographic Human Biology
2 Challenges of High-Altitude Living
High Altitude: Laboratory for Human Adaptability
High Altitude and Infant Mortality
High Altitude and Fertility
Other Ecological Stresses of High Altitude
3 Contextualizing Reproductive Health Research in Ladakh
Political, Demographic, and Social Changes
Reflexivity in Human Biology Research
4 Big Mountains, Small Babies
Pregnancy and Birthweight
Measuring Mothers and Newborns
Potential Sample Biases in Health Parameters
Descriptive Anthropometry
Intrapopulation Variation in Birth Outcome
Maternal Nutritional Status and Birth Outcome
Workloads during Pregnancy
Ethnicity and Birth Outcome
Buddhist-Muslim Differences in Birth Outcome
The Institutional Management of Pregnancy and Birth
The Role of Tibetan Medicine in Pregnancy Management
5 An Ecology of Infancy in Ladakh
Determinants of Infant Mortality
Follow-up of Infants in This Study
Neonatal Characteristics and Infant Mortality
Hospital Birth and Pediatric Admissions Records
Pattern and Level of Infant Mortality
The Ecology of Infant Health and Death
6 Comparative Perspectives on Reproductive Health in Ladakh
Ladakh in Relation to New World High-Altitude Populations
Neonatal and Infant Mortality
Summary: Ladakh and the Andes Compared
Ladakh in the Himalayan Context
Neonatal and Infant Mortality
Summary: Ladakh in the Himalayan Context
Ladakh in the Context of South Asia
Neonatal and Infant Mortality
Summary: Ladakh in the Indian Context
7 Toward Relevant Research: Adaptation and Policy Perspectives on Maternal-Infant Health in Ladakh
The Proximate Determinants of Infant Mortality in Ladakh
Adaptive Status: Ladakhi Mothers and Infants
The Household: Compromise and Adaptation
Impact of Social and Economic Change on the Household
Adaptation and Reproductive Health: Concluding Remarks
Targeting Neonatal Mortality in Ladakh
Infant Mortality Statistics in Global Perspective
The Future of Reproductive Health in Ladakh