Description
Concrete Vaulted Construction in Imperial Rome examines methods and techniques that enabled builders to construct some of the most imposing monuments of ancient Rome. Focusing on structurally innovative vaulting and the factors that influenced its advancement, Lynne Lancaster also explores a range of related practices, including lightweight pumice as aggregate, amphoras in vaults, vaulting ribs, metal tie bars, and various techniques of buttressing. She provides the geological background of the local building stones and applies mineralogical analysis to determine material provenance, which in turn suggests trading patterns and land use. Lancaster also examines construction techniques in relation to the social, economic, and political contexts of Rome, in an effort to draw connections between changes in the building industry and the events that shaped Roman society from the early empire to late antiquity. This book was awarded the James R. Wiseman Book Award from the Archaeological Institute of America in 2007.
Chapter
roman mathematical and analytical background
materials, transport, and production
the building industry in rome
removing the centering and formwork
the use of brick linings on the intrados of vaults
evidence for centering arrangements
3 Ingredients: Mortar and Caementa
early examples of amphoras in vaults
examples of amphoras in late antique vaults
early development of vaulting ribs and relieving arches
the vaulting ribs at the colosseum
the use of solid brick (bipedalis) ribbing
ladder and lattice ribs in barrel vaults
ladder and lattice ribs in cross vaults
6 Metal Clamps and Tie Bars
the earliest use of tie bars
tie bars in the imperial thermae
tie bars at the forum of trajan
the use of tie bars with lightweight caementa
iron architrave bars and impost blocks at hadrian's villa
7 Vault Behavior and Buttressing
8 Structural Analysis: History and Case Studies
"temple of mercury" at baiae
"temple of minerva medica"
social/cultural/political acceptability
APPENDIX 1: CATALOGUE OF MAJOR MONUMENTS
1 pons fabricius (62 b.c.)
2 pons cestius (first century b.c., rebuilt a.d. 370)
3 horrea agrippiana (33–12 b.c.)
4 theater of marcellus (17 b.c.)
5 portico of basilica aemilia (paulli) (c. 14 b.c. 0 a.d. 4)
6 esquiline wing of the domus aurea (a.d. 64–68)
7 colosseum (a.d. 70–80; reconstructed after a.d. 217)
8 domus tiberiana (a.d. 54–138)
9 domus augustana/flavia (a.d. 81–92)
10 domitianic vestibule (a.d. 81–92)
11 structure under san clemente (a.d. 70–96)
12 baths of trajan (a.d. 104–109)
14 forum of trajan (a.d. 106–113)
15 trajanic renovations at the forum of caesar (a.d. 106–113)
16 trajan's markets (a.d. 106–113)
17 pantheon (a.d. 118–128)
18 nymphaeum in horti sallustiani (c. a.d. 126)
19 villa alla vignaccia (c. a.d. 123–130)
20 villa di sette bassi (a.d. 140-150 = phase 3)
21 hadrianeum - temple of divine hadrian (a.d. 145)
22 severan baths on the palatine (a.d. 193–211)
23 baths of caracalla (a.d. 212–216)
24 baths of agrippa (third/fourth century a.d.)
25 nymphaeum alexandri “trophies of marius” (a.d. 222–235)
26 basilica julia (post -a.d. 283)
27 baths of diocletian (a.d. 298–306)
28 basilica of maxentius (a.d. 307–315)
29 baths of maxentius on the palatine (a.d. 306–312)
30 villa of maxentius on the via appia (a.d. 306–312)
31 tor de-schiavi (a.d. 305–309)
32 octagonal hall of the "villa of the gordians" (early fourth century a.d.)
33 "temple of venus and cupid" at the sessorian palace (a.d. 312–330)
34 "temple of minerva medica" (first half of fourth century a.d.)
35 arch of janus (early to mid-fourth century a.d.)
36 mausoleum of helena "for pignattara" (a.d. 325–330)
37 villa of domitian at castelgandolfo (a.d. 81–96)
38 arco di malborghetto (first quarter of fourth century a.d.)
APPENDIX 2: CATALOGUES OF BUILDING TECHNIQUES
catalogue 2a. formwork imprints on barrel vaults
catalogue 2b. formwork imprints on domes
catalogue 2c. formwork imprints on semidomes
catalogue 2d. brick linings on the intrados of vaults
catalogue 2e. uses of cocciopesto to protect the extrados of vaults
catalogue 2f. lightweight caementa
catalogue 2g. amphoras in vaults
catalogue 2h. vaulting ribs
catalogue 2i. blocks with tie bar cuttings
APPENDIX 3: SCORIA ANALYSIS
APPENDIX 4: THRUST LINE ANALYSIS
Concrete Vaulted Construction in Imperial Rome
：Innovations in Context
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