Driving Forces in Physical, Biological and Socio-economic Phenomena :A Network Science Investigation of Social Bonds and Interactions

Publication subTitle :A Network Science Investigation of Social Bonds and Interactions

Author: Bertrand M. Roehner  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2007

E-ISBN: 9780511282867

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521859103

Subject: N94 Systems Science

Keyword: 物理学

Language: ENG

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Driving Forces in Physical, Biological and Socio-economic Phenomena

Description

This book was first published in 2007. In recent years network science has become a dynamic and promising discipline; here it is extended to explore social and historical phenomena. While we experience social interactions every day, there is little quantitative knowledge on them. Instead we are often tempted to resort to fanciful explanations to explain social trends. Exogenous and endogenous interactions are often the key to understanding social phenomena and unravelling historical mysteries. This book begins by explaining how it is possible to bridge the gap between physics and sociology by exploring how network theory can apply to both. It then examines the macro- and micro-interactions in societies. The chapters are largely self-contained, allowing readers easily to access and understand the sections of most interest. This multi-disciplinary book will be fascinating to all physicists who have an interest in the human sciences and it will provide an alternative perspective to graduate students and researchers in sociology and econophysics.

Chapter

1.2 Boiling points as test-probes

1.3 Basic principles of the physics of mixing

1.4 Immiscible liquids

1.5 Physical properties of a mixture as a tool for exploring bonds

1.6 Estimating the correlation length in social phenomena

1.7 Outline of the book

Appendix Gauging the links between two twinned communities

2 The battle against noise in physics

2.1 Improving the signal to noise ratio in the pendulum experiment

2.2 Noise reduction in the detection of gravitational waves

2.3 Pattern matching: a simulation

3 The battle against noise in the social sciences

3.1 The extreme value technique

3.2 Pattern matching: knowing when and what to observe

3.3 Reducing noise by adding up several realizations

3.4 Confidence intervals and statistical significance

3.5 Upgrading statistical tests

3.6 Conclusion

4 Equilibrium and metastable states

4.1 Equilibrium restoring forces

4.2 Probing the strength of equilibrium restoring forces

4.3 Metastable states in physics and chemistry

4.4 Metastability, seeds and forms of post-revolution societies

5 Are the data reliable?

5.1 The replication process for the Foucault pendulum experiment

5.2 The replication process for cold nuclear fusion

5.3 Biased suicide statistics

5.4 Interactions between Japanese population and occupation forces

5.4.1 Context

5.4.2 Evidence

5.5 Conclusions and perspectives

Part II Macro-interactions

6 Shaping the Zeitgeist

6.1 Marketing campaigns: shaping the response of consumers

6.2 Public relations campaigns: example of cell phones in cars

6.3 Shaping the Zeitgeist: the promotion of neoliberalism

6.3.1 The Road to Serfdom

6.3.2 Influence of business associations

6.4 Tangible effects of neoliberal policies

6.5 A network perspective

6.5.1 Implication for democracy

6.5.2 Montesquieu and the balance of power

Appendix From Edward Bernays to Isaac Asimov

7 Bonds of vassalage

7.1 Role of the United States in the First Vietnam War

7.2 Ways and means

7.3 Identification of interference through the coincidence method

8 The absentee ownership syndrome

8.1 Land reform in Japan under General MacArthur

8.2 How the strength of interpersonal interactions conditions human behavior

8.3 Effects of absentee ownership in Ireland

8.4 Effect of segmentation on the effectiveness of a social system

8.5 Hardship as a side effect of absentee landlordism

8.6 The absentee landlord paradigm in history

8.7 Assessing interaction in settler colonies

8.7.1 Colonization of Normandy by the Vikings

8.7.2 Colonization of Mexico by the Spanish

8.8 Revolutions seen as a way to end absentee landlordism

8.9 Present-day manifestations of the absentee ownership syndrome

Part III Micro-interactions: a network explanation of suicide

9 Effects of a male–female imbalance

9.1 Suicide rates of unmarried versus married people

9.2 Suicide rate in a population with a gender imbalance

9.3 Designing the experiment

9.3.1 An unsuccessful experiment

9.3.2 Possible options

9.4 Suicide rates as a function of sex ratio in groups of immigrants

9.5 Cross-sectional analysis

9.6 Male–female imbalance induced by war

Appendix Suicide rate in a population with a sex ratio r = 1

10 Effect of weakened marital bonds on suicide

10.1 Suicide rate of young widowers

10.2 Effect of falling marriage rates

10.3 Effect of a sudden upsurge in marriages

10.4 Connection between mean age of marriage and suicide rate

10.5 Longitudinal test

10.6 Cross-sectional analysis

11 Effect of social isolation on suicide

11.1 Effect of major historical events on suicide

11.1.1 September 11, 2001

11.1.2 Pearl Harbor

11.1.3 Weakness of long-range ties

11.2 Effect of social isolation on suicide

11.2.1 Suicide among inmates

11.2.2 Suicide in solitary confinement

11.2.3 The silent system

11.3 Effect of a rearrangement of social ties

11.4 Effect on suicide of the social disruption experienced by immigrants

11.5 Effect of immigration on suicide rates in the country of destination

11.5.1 Immigrants with high suicide rates

11.5.2 Effect of Hispanic immigration on US suicide rates

11.6 Non-linear mixing relationships

12 Apoptosis

12.1 Apoptosis versus necrosis

12.2 Role of apoptosis in the development of multicellular organisms

12.3 Apoptosis in plants

12.4 Apoptosis in populations

12.5 Apoptosis in groups of mammals

12.6 Apoptosis in human societies

13 Perspectives

References

Index

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