Chapter
Trends in incidence and mortality
Vulvar and vaginal cancers
Trends in incidence and mortality
Chapter 2 Screening and prevention of gynaecological cancers
Ovarian and fallopian tube cancer
Screening for ovarian and tubal cancer
Improving CA125 sensitivity and specificity
Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy
Familial endometrial cancer
Screening for cervical cancer
Pap smear and liquid-based cytology
Screening protocols /guidelines
Prevention of cervical cancer
Chapter 3 Pathology of gynaecological cancers
Epithelial serous tumours
Sex cord-stromal, germ cell and other ovarian tumours
Prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma
Serous papillary and clear cell carcinomas
Other variants of endometrial carcinoma
Malignant mesenchymal tumours of the uterus
Endometrial stromal sarcomas
Mixed Müllerian tumours of the uterus including carcinosarcoma/malignant mixed Müllerian tumour
Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma (stage IB and above)
Other prognostic factors and human papillomaviruses
Variants of squamous cell carcinoma
Variants of adenocarcinoma
Rare variants of cervical carcinoma
Vaginal squamous carcinoma
Vaginal clear cell carcinoma
Superficially invasive carcinoma of the vulva
Paget’s disease of the vulva
Chapter 4 Imaging in gynaecological oncology
Technique and general issues
Role of ultrasound in ovarian carcinoma
Characterization of ovarian masses
Role of ultrasound in endometrial cancer
Role of ultrasound in cervical cancer
Role of ultrasound in vulval cancer
Technique and general issues
Role of CT in ovarian carcinoma
Staging and assessment of resectability
Role of CT in endometrial cancer
Role of CT in cervical cancer
Role of CT in vulval cancer
Magnetic resonance imaging
Technique and general issues
Role of MRI in ovarian carcinoma
Characterization of ovarian masses
Staging and assessment of resectability
Assessment of follow-up response and detection of recurrent disease
Role of MRI in endometrial cancer
The role of MRI in staging and treatment planning
Role of MRI in cervical cancer
Role of MRI in vulval cancer
Role of FDG-PET and FDG-PET/CT in ovarian carcinoma
Staging and prediction of tumour response
Evaluation of treatment response
Detection of recurrent disease
Role of FDG-PET in endometrial cancer
Role of FDG-PET/CT in cervical cancer
Role of FDG-PET in vulval cancer
Recommended imaging algorithms
Lymph node imaging with MR lymphography
Chapter 5 Surgery for gynaecological cancers
Apply good surgical techniques
Treat complications early
Drainage of pleural effusion
Intraoperative complications
Chapter 6 Radiotherapy for gynaecological cancers
Indications for radiotherapy
External-beam radiotherapy
Principles of radiotherapy
Side effects of radiotherapy
Exploiting radiobiological differences
Minimizing volume of normal tissue
Chapter 7 Systemic therapies for gynaecological cancers
Types of chemotherapy and modes of action
Topo-isomerase inhibitors
5-Fluorouracil/capecitabine
Neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment in epithelial ovarian cancer
Epithelial ovarian cancer and first-line chemotherapy
Role of paclitaxel first line with carboplatin
Philosophy of treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer/palliative chemotherapy of gynaecological cancers
Significance of platinum-free interval
Treatment beyond second line
Quality-of-life assessments and patients’ expectations
Hormonal treatment in gynaecological malignancy
Endometrial cancer and hormonal manipulation
Epithelial ovarian cancer and endocrine manipulation
Chapter 8 Palliative care in gynaecological oncology
Complex, fungating and malodorous wounds
Entering the palliative phase
Diagnosis and clinical presentation
Fertility-sparing procedures
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Consolidation and maintenance therapy
Chemotherapy for recurrent disease
New therapeutic strategies
Chapter 10 Endometrial cancer
Aetiology and risk factors
Pathology of endometrial cancers
Assessment of the woman with postmenopausal bleeding (Fig. 10.3)
Outpatient endometrial assessment
Role of imaging in treatment planning
Magnetic resonance imaging
Positron-emission tomography (PET)
Surgery for endometrial cancer
Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Role of extended surgical staging
Radiotherapy in the treatment of endometrial cancer
Radical primary radiotherapy
Complications of radiotherapy
Hormones in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic disease
Recurrent endometrial cancer
Chapter 11 Cervical and vaginal cancer
Clinical examination and routine investigations
Overall survival by FIGO stage (Table 11.1)
Lymph node metastasis and histopathological variables
Radiological characteristics
Advanced stages (IIB–IVA)
Follow-up and recurrent disease
Special clinical situations
Cervical cancer in pregnancy
Presentation: symptoms/signs
Principles of surgical management
Locoregional lymph node disease
Stage IA disease – superficially invasive carcinoma of the vulva
Complications of surgical treatment
Sentinel lymph node dissection
Radiotherapy in advanced vulval cancer
Unusual types of vulval malignancy
Bartholin’s gland carcinoma
Chapter 13 Gynaecological sarcomas
Low- and high-grade tumours
Leiomyosarcomas of the uterus
Endometrial stromal sarcomas
Ewing’s family of tumours – primitive neuroectodermal tumours
Malignant mixed Müllerian tumours – gynaecological
Other gynaecological sarcomas
Imaging modalities in assessment
Disease confined to uterus
Metastatic disease present
Role of adjuvant treatment – radiotherapy
Role of adjuvant treatment – chemotherapy
International clinical trials in the adjuvant setting for rare diseases
Role of chemotherapy for metastatic gynaecological sarcomas
Uterine sarcomas and endocrine manipulation
Chapter 14 Gestational trophoblastic disease and ovarian germ cell tumours
Epidemiology, origin and pathology
Human chorionic gonadotrophin tests in GTD
Presentation, registration and management
Epidemiology, origin and pathology
Presentation and management
Placental-site trophoblastic tumour
Management of specific complications of GTD
Infantile choriocarcinoma
Patient follow-up and prognosis
Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours
Non-gestational choriocarcinoma
Malignant mixed germ cell tumours
Investigations and initial surgery
Management of stage IC/M–IV
Long-term outlook and summary
Chapter 15 Decision making in oncology
Appendix 1: Miscellaneous information
Clinical trials and drug development
Appendix 2: Incidence and mortality data
Appendix 3: Staging: FIGO and TNM
Rules for FIGO clinical staging
FIGO staging for carcinoma of the ovary
FIGO staging for carcinoma of the fallopian tube
FIGO staging for carcinoma of the corpus uteri
Histopathology – degree of differentiation
Notes on pathological grading
Clinical staging for carcinoma of the corpus uteri
FIGO staging for uterine sarcomas (leiomyosarcomas, endometrial stromal sarcomas, adenosarcomas and carcinosarcomas)
FIGO staging for carcinoma of the cervix uteri
FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vagina
FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva
FIGO staging for trophoblastic tumour
Appendix 4: Useful websites
Gynaecological Oncology
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