Description
Relentless fiscal pressures faced by the public police over the last few decades have meant that police organisations have had to find new ways to obtain and harness the resources needed to achieve their goals. Through entering into relationships of coercion, commercial exchange, and gift with a wide variety of external institutions and individuals operating in both public and private capacities, police organisations have risen to this challenge. Indeed, police organisations are increasingly operating within a business paradigm. But what are the benefits of these relationships and the nature of the risks that might accompany reliance upon them? This book examines these new modes of exchange between police and 'outsiders' and explores how far these relationships can be taken before certain fundamental values - equity in the distribution of policing, cost-effectiveness in the delivery of police services, and the legitimacy of the police institution itself - are placed in jeopardy.
Chapter
The big picture - resource flows
Three stages of financial resourcing of police organisations
Interactions Between Principles
Coercion - mandatory reporting and mandatory action
Arguments for Mandating Reporting
Costs, Risks and Adverse Unintended Consequences
Instances of Mandatory Action
Adverse Unintended Consequences
Chapter four Sale - Buying
Modes of Acquisition: Finding the Right Shop and Getting the Right Deal
DIY or ODI (Others Do It): Deciding Whether and What to Outsource
PART 2: POLICE AS PURCHASERS OF INFORMATION
Rewards to Members of the Public
Chapter five Sale - Selling
PART 1: POLICE AS COMMERCIAL SECURITY VENDORS
Background to User-Pays Policing
Forms of User-Pays Policing
Public Policing and User-Pays Policing: The Fit'
Events Policing - A Case Study
Risks and Future Directions for User-Pays Policing
PART 2: SELLING THE POLICE BRAND
Managing Use of Intellectual Property
Auctioning Seized and Unclaimed Found and Stolen Goods
PART 1: PRIVATE SPONSORSHIP OF PUBLIC POLICING
The Risks and Consequences of Accepting Gifts
PART 2: PEOPLE AS A POLICING RESOURCE
Forms of Exchange Relationship Involving People
Mapping Forms of Personal Gift
Benefits for Police and Others
Implications for Police and Conclusions
Chapter seven Ambiguous Exchanges And The Police
The Interface of Commerce and Duress (Sale/Coercion)
Coercion in Sales by Police
Coercion in Sales to Police
Compulsion and Benevolence (Coercion/Gift)
Legitimate Requests of a Quasi-coercive Nature
Commerce and Benevolence (Sale/Gift)
Gifts with Strings Attached: Commerce Masquerading as Gift
Gift Masquerading as Commerce
Police as Managers of Ambiguity: conclusions and implications
Cost-Effectiveness, Equity and Legitimacy
Chapter eight Conclusions
Exploring Normative Questions - The Balance of Advantage
Identifying and Reconciling Patterns
Articulating Design Principles - Promoting Desirable Outcomes
Multilateralism Is Embedded in Police Organisations
State Security Governance is a Collaborative Affair
The Task of Shaping Governance Directions Is Shared
Pluralism Has Had Profound Effects on Police Organisations
Contractualisation Is Occurring, but Status Is Still Important
Lengthening the Arm of the Law Creates Dangers
Three theories of exchange relationships
The Hydraulic or Zero-Sum Model
The Resource Constraint Model
The Cultural Salience Model
The scope for further research