Philosophy from a Skeptical Perspective

Author: Joseph Agassi; Abraham Meidan  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2008

E-ISBN: 9780511406430

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521898126

Subject: B083 Voluntarism, life philosophy

Keyword: 哲学理论

Language: ENG

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Philosophy from a Skeptical Perspective

Description

One of the questions that philosophers discuss is: How can we avoid, or at least reduce, errors when explaining the world? The skeptical answer to this question is: We cannot avoid errors since no statement is certain or even definitely plausible, but we can eliminate some past errors. This book advocates the skeptical position and discusses its practical applications in science, ethics, aesthetics, and politics. It brings philosophy down to earth and comprises an outline of a skeptical guide to the real world.

Chapter

1 Introduction

The Practical Side of Philosophy

The History of Epistemology

Error Avoidance and the Foundations of Knowledge

A Word about Metaphysics

2 Skepticism

The Strange Story of the Idea of Error Avoidance

Radical Skepticism

First Note

Second Note

Third Note

Fourth Note

Fifth Note

Sixth Note

Seventh Note

The Case of Mathematics and Logic

The Skeptical Arguments

Skepticism in Epistemology

Practical Implications

3 Science

The Critique of Empiricism

The Probability Theory of Rational Beliefs

The Minimum Unexpectedness Hypothesis on Beliefs

More on the Paradoxes of Empiricism

Theories Adjusted Ad Hoc

Simplicity and Occam’s Razor

Predictions and Explanations

Tradition

Applications

4 Ethics

Skepticism in Ethics

Toward a Psychological Theory of Moral Judgments

Maximizing the Welfare of Humanity

Liberalism as the Default Option

Utilitarian versus Kantian Ethics

Sympathy

Moral Disputes

More Against Reductionism in Ethics

5 Politics

The Justification of Sovereignty

Toward a Psychological Theory of the Morality of Politics

The Fear of Social Disorders

Political Disputes

The Dissolution of the Nation-State

Democracy versus Dictatorship

6 Aesthetics

Skepticism in Aesthetics

Aesthetics and Beauty

Toward a Psychological Theory of Beauty

The Evolution of Art

Non-Beautiful Art

Beauty and Pleasure

Tragedy

Repetitions (1)

Repetitions (2)

Pretty Average Faces

Humor

Non-Reductionism and Non-Relativism

Aesthetic Disputes

7 Conclusion

The Next Step

Psychology

The Meaning of Life

Glossary

Further Reading

Bibliography

Index

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