Chapter
Conceptual advances in motor theory: affordances and mirror neurons, motor control models
Motor control and attention
Neuromotor dysfunction and mental disorders
Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence
Case focus: autism and Asperger's disorder. An example of how neuromotor investigation has the potential to offer new insights into etiology and diagnosis
Disorders usually first diagnosed in late adolescence and adulthood
Neuromotor assessment and research
Chapter 4: The neurobiology of the emotion response: perception, experience and regulation
Emotion production, experience and emotion-dependent learning and decision-making
Ventral/rostral anterior cingulate cortex
Medial orbitofrontal cortex
Automatic regulatory processes
Cognitive regulatory processes
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Lateral orbitofrontal cortex
Neural systems for emotion
Implications for psychopathology
Chapter 5: Frontal asymmetry in emotion, personality and psychopathology: methodological issues in electrocortical and hemodynamic neuroimaging
Emotion and frontal brain asymmetries
Personality and frontal brain asymmetries
Frontal asymmetry, electrophysiology and hemodynamics
EEG and the study of frontal asymmetries
Hemodynamic imaging and the manipulation of emotion
Hemodynamic measures of brain asymmetry
Size/mass difference analysis
Methodological complexities in asymmetry analyses
Examples of lateralized activity measured by fMRI
Chapter 6: Behavioral and electrophysiological approaches to understanding language dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders: insights from the study of schizophrenia
Clinical language disturbances in psychosis: thought disorder and beyond
Single words and concepts semantic: memory structure and function
Semantic identification and naming
Explicit knowledge and use of semantic category
Explicit production: semantic fluency
Explicit processing: knowledge of semantic category and semantic attributes
Implicit knowledge of semantic and associative relationships
Implicit production: word association tasks and the Latent Semantic Analysis
Implicit processing: semantic priming
Automatic semantic priming in schizophrenia
Controlled semantic priming in schizophrenia
Single words and concepts: summary and discussion
Sentences, ambiguity and figurative language
Semantic predictability and congruity
Syntax and the semantic-syntactic interface
Sentences, ambiguity and figurative language: summary and conclusion
Other types of discourse coherence
Discourse: summary and conclusion
Relationship between language abnormalities and other cognitive dysfunction
Single words and concepts
Language abnormalities and other cognitive dysfunction summary: and conclusions
Implications and future directions
Implications for understanding brain dysfunction in schizophrenia
Chapter 7: Associative memory
Measuring associative memory
Grounds for investigating associative memory function in mental disorders
Reason 1: Improving our understanding of underlying neuropathology
Reason 2: Informing the origins of neuropsychiatric symptomatology
Reason 3: Understanding functional impairment
Chapter 8: The neural basis of attention
Levels of selection: early and late selection
Voluntary attentional control mechanisms
Reflexive attention mechanisms
Attentional deficits in psychiatric disorders
Chapter 9: The role of executive functions in psychiatric disorders
Defining the executive system
The association between the frontal lobes and executive functions
Functions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex
Broadening the network of executive functions
What is the role of the frontal lobes?
The relevance of spatial working memory to psychiatric disorders
Brain development and the maturation of executive functions: a hypothesis for the emergence of executive function deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders
Genetic influences on executive functions
Chapter 10: Decision-making
Introduction: relevance of decision-making to neuropsychiatry
The relationship between psychology and economics in decision-making
The neuropsychology of decision-making
The Iowa Gambling Task and somatic marker hypothesis
Choice between delayed rewards
Information sampling and 'reflection impulsivity'
Decision-making in neuropsychiatric patient groups
Frontal variant fronto-temporal dementia
Substance abuse and alcoholism
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Schizophrenia and affective disorders
Chapter 11: The neuropsychology of social cognition: implications for psychiatric disorders
Social cognition in an evolutionary framework
The neural basis of social cognition in healthy humans
Facial emotion recognition
Social cognition: distinct from traditional neuropsychology?
Dissociation of social and non-social cognitive function
Correlations with neuropsychological performance
Within-task non-social control conditions
Social cognition: implications for psychiatry
Section 2: The importance of methods
Chapter 12: Psychiatric diagnoses: purposes, limitations and an alternative approach
Definitions and phenomenology: the clinician as assessor
Another approach: focusing on biological and cognitive factors as prime determinants of making a diagnosis
Another approach to psychiatric diagnosis: a Staging Model
Chapter 13: Neuropsychological methods in mental disorders research: illustrations from methamphetamine dependence
Study design and test selection
Neuropsychological assessment in MA dependence
Cognitive neuropsychology
Cognitive neuropsychology of MA dependence
Neuropsychology and daily functioning in MA dependence
Interpretation of neuropsychological data
Suboptimal effort in MA dependence
Methamphetamine dependence characteristics
Statistical methodologies
Neuropsychology and the treatment of MA dependence
Chapter 14: The study of emotion and the interaction between emotion and cognition: methodological perspectives
The interaction between emotion and cognition
Hemodynamic-metabolic approaches
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Chapter 15: Using neurophysiological techniques to study auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
Approaches to studying mental illness
Syndrome vs symptom approach
Choosing a symptom to study - auditory hallucinations
Choosing a method to study auditory hallucinations
Approaches to studying auditory hallucinations
Fundamental deficits underlying auditory hallucinations
Efference copy/corollary discharge mechanism
Efference copy/corollary discharge mechanism in the auditory system
Efference copy/corollary discharge dysfunction in schizophrenia
Functional MRI to study corollary discharge dysfunction in schizophrenia
Using ERPs to study corollary discharge dysfunction in schizophrenia
Combining EEG-based measures with fMRI
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI)
Limits of sMRI in schizophrenia research
Studies of neurotransmitters
Studies of medication occupancy
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Principles of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI
Event-related design studies
Psychopharmacological fMRI studies
Neural correlates of specific symptoms
Parametric design studies
Functional connectivity studies
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
Integration of imaging data across modalities
Volumetric MRI and fMRI co-registration
Combination of functional neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques
Chapter 17: Psychopharmacological modeling of psychiatric illness
Modeling cognitive impairment
Psychopathology of drug models of schizophrenia
Assumptions and expectations of a model of schizophrenia
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Cognitive impairments associated with drug models
Advantages of psychopharmacological modeling
Exploring neurochemical mechanisms of psychiatric disease
Individual differences as measures of symptom vulnerability
Fractionating cognitive processes
Separating cognitive and psychotic effects
Limitations of the approach
Chapter 18: Cognitive phenomics
Unique challenges for the neuropsychological investigation of mental disorders
The phenomics research strategy
Section 3: The neuropsychology of psychiatric disorders
Why examine neuropsychological processes in specific psychiatric disorders?
Chapter 19: Neuropsychology of ADHD and other disorders of childhood
Development of the concept of neuropsychological dysfunction in ADHD
Neuropsychological heterogeneity in childhood ADHD: clinical heterogeneity and methodological issues
Potential methodological issues contributing to heterogeneity
Clinical neuropsychological assessment of ADHD
Neuropsychological assessment in preschoolers
Neuropsychological studies in children aged 6-12 years with ADHD
Timing and motor abnormalities in ADHD
Relating brain structure, function and neuropsychological dysfunctions
Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders
Autism-spectrum disorders
Chapter 20: A multidimensional neurobehavioral model of personality disorders
Neurobehavioral systems underlying higher-order personality traits
Agentic extraversion and affiliation
Neurobiology of incentive motivation and affiliative reward
Anxiety and fear as two distinct behavioral systems
Non-affective constraint or impulsivity
A model of personality disturbance
Implications of the model
Chapter 21: Neuropsychology in eating disorders
Overview of the literature
Specificity of neuropsychological functioning
A neurodevelopmental model
Collaborative brain function
The "social information processing network"
Chapter 22: Neurobiological and neuropsychological pathways into substance abuse and addictive behavior
Introduction and overview
Neuropsychological sequelae of specific drugs and their role in addictive behavior
Psychostimulants (cocaine, amphetamine/methamphetamine)
MDMA (N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine, ecstasy)
Premorbid neuropsychological vulnerability to addictive behaviors
Behavioral and mental health disorders
Adolescence: a key neurodevelopmental period of vulnerability
Remodeling the prefrontal cortex and maturing executive abilities
Alcohol and its effects on adolescent brain development
Cannabis and its effects on adolescent brain development
Chapter 23: Neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
The cortico-striatal model of OCD
Moderators of neuropsychological impairment
Integrating domains of cognitive impairment
The role of cognitive strategies in OCD
Conclusion and future directions
Chapter 24: Neuropsychological investigation in mood disorders
Major depressive disorder
Emotional bias and executive control in major depression (state effects)
Information processing in remission
Trait investigations: studies of high-risk individuals
Conclusions on findings in MDD
Neurocognitive dysfunction and relationship to clinical status
Affect processing and neuroimaging
Pediatric bipolar studies
Conclusions on findings in bipolar disorder
Chapter 25: Manic distractibility and processing efficiency in bipolar disorder
Manic distractibility and bipolar disorder
Cognitive domains implicated in bipolar mania
Sustained attention (vigilance)
A processing efficiency account of bipolar disorder
Information processing approaches to assess processing efficiency
Preliminary examples of a processing efficiency approach
Example 1: The degraded stimulus continuous performance task (DS-CPT)
Example 2: A verbal recognition memory test
Chapter 26: Schizophrenia
Cross-sectional studies in high-risk, first-episode and established schizophrenia
Limitation of adopting a cross-sectional approach
Longitudinal investigations in high-risk, first-episode and established schizophrenia
Discussion and future directions
Section 4: Integration and synthesis: are mental illnesses disorders of consciousness? A trialogue between neuroscientific, philosophical and psychiatric perspectives
Chapter 27: Mental illness and the consciousness thesis
Consciousness thesis (CT)
Mental illness and brain disease
Chapter 28: A non-reductive physicalist account of affective consciousness
The neurophilosophical underpinnings of affective neuroscience
The brain and raw subjective experience - multiple forms of consciousness
The mechanisms of affective consciousness
Finale: toward a neuroscience of affects
Chapter 29: Consciousness of oneself and others in relation to mental disorders
Consciousness and mental disorders
Consciousness of oneself and others
Phenomenology and neurobiology of consciousness and its disorders
Chapter 30: Trialogue: commentaries on "Are mental illnesses disorders of consciousness?"
Comments on Panksepp and on Vogeley & Newen
Affective consciousness and the psychiatric comfort zones of experienced life
The definition and the constitution of mental disorders and the role of neural dysfunctions
Understanding affects: towards a neurobiology of primary process mentalities
Replies to comments by Jaak Panksepp and by G. Lynn Stephens & George Graham
The Neuropsychology of Mental Illness
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