Chapter
2.1.3 Rotational spectroscopy
Diatomic and linear polyatomic molecules
2.1.4 Transition strength
2.3.1 Optically thin limit
Collisional de-excitation rates
2.3.2 Optical depth effects
2.3.3 Radiative excitation
2.4 Gas cooling in ionized regions
2.5 Gas cooling in neutral atomic regions
3.2 Photo-ionization of atoms
3.2.1 Photo-ionization heating in ionized gas
3.2.2 Photo-ionization heating in neutral gas
3.3 Photo-electric heating
3.3.1 The photo-electric effect on grains
3.3.2 The photo-electric effect on large molecules
3.3.3 The photo-electric heating rate
3.9 Heating due to ambipolar diffusion
3.10 Gravitational heating
3.11 The heating of the interstellar medium
3.11.1 Heating of diffuse clouds
3.11.2 Heating of the warm neutral medium
3.11.3 Heating of molecular cloud cores
4.1 Gas-phase chemical reactions
4.1.2 Neutral–neutral reactions
4.1.3 Ion–molecule reactions
4.1.4 Charge transfer reactions
4.1.5 Radiative association reactions
4.1.6 Dissociative electron recombination reactions
4.1.7 Collisional association and dissociation reactions
4.1.8 Associative detachment reactions
4.1.10 Gas-phase chemistry networks
4.2 Grain-surface chemistry
4.2.5 Reactions involving radicals
4.2.6 Reactions of H atoms possessing activation barriers
4.2.7 Reactions involving H2
4.2.8 Reactions with activation barriers involving O, N, or C
4.2.9 Grain surface chemical networks
5.2.1 Absorption and scattering by small particles
IR absorption cross sections
The charge distribution function
5.2.4 Dust destruction processes
5.3.1 Interstellar extinction
5.3.3 Interstellar polarization
Polarized infrared emission
Polarization due to scattering
5.3.6 Interstellar depletion
5.4 The sizes of interstellar grains
5.4.1 Interstellar dust mass
5.5 The composition of interstellar dust
5.5.3 Amorphous carbon and HAC
6 Interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules
6.2 IR emission by PAH molecules
6.2.1 Photophysics of PAHs
6.2.2 The vibrational excitation of PAHs
6.2.3 Infrared fluorescence
6.2.4 Radiative equilibrium versus temperature fluctuations
6.2.5 The temperature distribution of PAHs
6.3.1 Ionization potentials
6.3.3 Electron recombination
6.3.4 Electron attachment
6.3.5 Neutralization reactions
6.3.7 The ionization balance
6.3.8 PAHs and the charge balance of the gas
6.4 Photochemistry of PAHs
6.4.1 Unimolecular reactions
6.4.2 The astrochemical rate coefficient
6.4.3 Dehydrogenation of interstellar PAHs
6.5 Other large molecules
6.6 Infrared observations
6.7 The IR characteristics of PAHs
6.7.1 The size of interstellar PAHs
6.7.3 The size distribution
6.7.4 The diffuse interstellar bands
6.7.5 Circumstellar diamonds
7.2.3 The ionization structure of trace species
7.2.4 Dust and HII regions
Dust and the competition for ionizing photons
7.3.1 A pure hydrogen nebula
7.3.2 A nebula with trace elements
7.4 Emission characteristics
7.4.1 H recombination lines
7.4.2 Collisionally excited line radiation
7.5 Comparison with observations
7.5.2 Electron temperature
7.5.3 The stellar effective temperature
7.5.4 Elemental abundances
7.5.5 Dust in HII regions
8.2 Physical processes in atomic gas
8.2.1 The ionization balance
8.3 The CNM and WNM phases of the ISM
8.4 The warm ionized medium
8.5 The hot intercloud medium
8.5.2 The vertical structure of the ISM
8.5.4 The role of the halo
8.6 Summary: the violent ISM
8.7 Chemistry of diffuse clouds
8.8 The cosmic-ray ionization rate
8.9.2 Pulsar dispersion measurements
8.9.4 Atomic and molecular absorption lines
8.9.6 Interstellar pressures
8.9.7 The emission spectra of the CNM and WNM
9 Photodissociation regions
9.3.1 Heating and cooling processes
9.3.2 The gas temperature
9.5.1 Molecular hydrogen dissociation front
9.7 Comparison with observations
9.8 PDR diagnostic model diagrams
9.8.1 The [CII] and [OI] lines
9.8.2 The [CII]–CO relation
9.8.3 [CII] and [OI] line intensities
9.10 Physical conditions in PDRs
9.11 Hydrogen IR fluorescence spectrum
10.2 The degree of ionization
10.4.1 Gas-phase composition of molecular clouds
10.4.2 Chemistry of oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen
10.4.3 Complex molecule formation
10.4.4 Deuterium fractionation
10.5 Grain-surface chemistry
10.5.1 Grain-surface chemistry of oxygen
10.5.2 Grain-surface chemistry of carbon
10.5.3 Grain-surface chemistry of deuterium
10.6 Gas–grain interaction
10.6.2 Ejection of grain species
Cosmic-ray-driven mantle explosions
CO isotopes and the mass of molecular clouds
12CO and the mass of molecular clouds
10.7.3 Physical conditions
10.7.4 Composition of interstellar ices
Spectral profiles and the ice composition
11.2.3 The shock spectrum and shock diagnostics
11.3.1 Magnetohydrodynamics
11.3.2 The equations of motions
11.3.4 The spectrum of C-shocks
12 Dynamics of the interstellar medium
12.2 The expansion of HII regions
12.2.1 The dynamics of ionization fronts
12.2.2 The initial phase of rapid ionization
12.2.3 The pressure-driven expansion of an HII region
12.2.4 Ionization of globules
12.2.5 The ionization of winds and accretion flows
12.2.6 Blister HII regions
12.2.7 Ultracompact HII regions
12.3 Supernova explosions
12.3.2 The adiabatic expansion phase
12.3.3 The radiative expansion phase
12.4 Supernovae and the interstellar medium
12.5.1 The wind–ISM interaction
12.5.2 The structure of the hot bubble
12.5.3 The structure of the dense shell
12.6 The kinetic energy budget of the ISM
13 The lifecycle of interstellar dust
13.2.1 Low-velocity steady-state shocks
13.4 The grain size distribution
13.5 Dust abundances and depletions
13.6 Mass balance of interstellar dust
Index of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
The Physics and Chemistry of the Interstellar Medium
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