Chapter
3 Comets, meteors, aurorae, and space dust
3.2 BASIC TECHNIQUE 2: Photographing a bright comet
3.4 BASIC TECHNIQUE 3: Photographing a meteor shower
3.6 BASIC TECHNIQUE 4: Photographing the aurora borealis
3.7 Zodiacal light, Gegenschein, and lunar libration clouds
4.1 Lenses and image size
4.2 Using a telephoto lens
4.3 BASIC TECHNIQUE 5: Photographing the moon through a telephoto lens
4.4 Determining exposures
4.5 PRACTICAL NOTE: What is a "stop"?
4.6 Afocal coupling to telescopes and binoculars
4.7 BASIC TECHNIQUE 6: Photographing the moon (afocal method)
5.2 Lunar eclipse dates and times
5.3 Lunar eclipse photography
5.4 Videotaping a lunar eclipse
5.5 BASIC TECHNIQUE 7: Photographing an eclipse of the moon
5.6 Solar eclipses - partial and annular
5.8 PRACTICAL NOTE: How eclipse eye injuries happen
5.9 BASIC TECHNIQUE 8: Viewing a solar eclipse by projection
5.11 Photographing partial solar eclipses
5.12 BASIC TECHNIQUE 9: Photographing a partial solar eclipse
5.13 Solar eclipses - total
5.14 Shadow bands and other phenomena
5.15 BASIC TECHNIQUE 10: Photographing a total solar eclipse
5.17 Videotaping solar eclipses
5.18 The 1999 total eclipse in Europe
6 Coupling cameras to telescopes
6.1 Prime-focus astrophotography
6.2 Telescope types and optical limitations
6.3 Image size and field of view
6.6 PRACTICAL NOTE: Measuring s[sub(2)] for eyepiece projection
6.8 Compression (focal reducers)
6.9 Combinations of projection setups
6.10 Diffraction-limited resolution
6.11 The subtle art of focusing
6.13 PRACTICAL NOTE: Does your SLR focus accurately?
6.14 Aerial-image and crosshair focusing
6.16 How accurately must we focus?
6.17 Focusing Schmidt-Cassegrains and Maksutovs
7.2 The challenge of high resolution
7.9 Planetary photography
7.10 The individual planets
7.11 BASIC TECHNIQUE 11: Photographing a planet (afocal method)
7.12 BASIC TECHNIQUE 12: Photographing a planet (by projection)
8.2 BASIC TECHNIQUE 13: Piggy-back deep-sky photography
8.3 BASIC TECHNIQUE 14: Polar alignment procedure
8.5 Lenses for deep-sky work
8.6 Scale enlargement and edge-of-field fall-off
8.7 Magnitude limits and surface brightness
8.9 PRACTICAL NOTE: What do you mean by 12 volts?
8.10 Polar alignment accuracy
8.11 Periodic gear error, PEC, and autoguiding
8.13 Light pollution and nebula filters
8.14 PRACTICAL NOTE: The campaign against light pollution
8.15 Deep-sky photography through the telescope
8.16 BASIC TECHNIQUE 15: Deep-sky photography with an off-axis guider
8.17 Keeping warm while observing
8.18 Safety and etiquette at the observing site
8.19 Mosquitoes and other vermin
III PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
9 Cameras, lenses, and telescopes
9.7 Camera maintenance and repair
9.8 Some miscellaneous SLR hints
9.9 Other types of cameras
9.10 Special astrocameras
9.12 Lens quality and performance
9.15 BASIC TECHNIQUE 16: Testing lenses
9.17 Choosing a telescope
9.18 PRACTICAL NOTE: Does a lower f-ratio give a brighter image?
9.19 Telescope quality and performance
9.20 BASIC TECHNIQUE 17: Star-testing a telescope
10.2 Spectral sensitivity
10.3 The characteristic curve
10.5 Reciprocity failure: theory
10.6 Reciprocity failure: measurement
10.7 PRACTICAL NOTE: Does film "give up" after a certain amount of time?
10.9 Graininess and resolution
10.10 Some specific films
10.11 PRACTICAL NOTE: Film: What's in a name?
10.12 PRACTICAL NOTE: Is "professional" film better?
11 Developing, printing, and photographic enhancement
11.2 Developing black-and-white film
11.3 Black-and-white printing
11.4 PRACTICAL NOTE: Color negatives on black-and-white paper?
11.5 Making high-contrast prints
11.7 Processing color film
11.8 PRACTICAL NOTE: Help! The film is scratched!
12 Computer image enhancement
12.1 How computers represent images
12.2 Resolution and image size
12.3 PRACTICAL NOTE: How images get resized
12.6 Getting images into the computer
12.8 PRACTICAL NOTE: Taking pictures that scan well
12.9 The ethics of retouching
12.10 Manipulating the characteristic curve
12.11 Working with histograms
12.14 PRACTICAL NOTE: An example of digital enhancement
12.16 Printing out the results
12.17 Image enhancement theory: spatial frequency
12.18 PRACTICAL NOTE: Signal and noise
12.19 Convolutions, 1: smoothing
12.20 PRACTICAL NOTE: Median filters
12.21 Convolutions, 2: sharpening
12.22 The Laplacian operator
12.23 PRACTICAL NOTE: Convolution or deconvolution?
12.24 Maximum-entropy deconvolution
13.2 Video and digital cameras
13.3 Astronomical CCD cameras
13.7 Optimal focal length
13.8 BASIC TECHNIQUE 18: Imaging the moon or a planet
13.12 Choosing a CCD camera
A.1 How exposures are calculated
A.2 Obtaining B from photometric brightness
A.3 Other systems for calculating exposure
A.4 PRACTICAL NOTE: Why don't my results agree with the tables?
A.5 Moon and lunar eclipses
A.6 Sun and solar eclipses
B Mathematical analysis of polar-axis misalignment
B.1 Summary of the most important results
B.2.1 Total drift during an exposure
B.2.2 Rate of declination drift at any particular time
B.3.1 Total field rotation during an exposure
B.3.2 Instantaneous rate of field rotation
B.3.3 How much field rotation is tolerable?
C Plans for an electronic drive corrector
C.2 Circuits and parts list
C.3 Adaptation to 240 V, 50 Hz
D.1 Kodak Technical Pan film (TP)
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE TO DEVELOPERS
KODAK TECHNIDOL Liquid Developer
IMAGE-STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS
D.2 Kodak Professional Ektachrome Film E200
D.3 Kodak Professional Ektapress Films
KODAK PROFESSIONAL EKTAPRESS Film PJ100
KODAK PROFESSIONAL EKTAPRESS Film PJ400
KODAK PROFESSIONAL EKTAPRESS Film PJ800
KODAK EKTAPRESS Plus 1600 Professional Film/PJC
E.1 High-efficiency yellow, oranges, and reds
E.2 Other sharp-cutoff filters
E.3 Color balancing filters
F Organizations and resources
F.3.3 General photography
F.4.1 Telescopes and eyepieces
F.4.2 Other astronomical equipment
F.4.3 Photographic equipment and materials
F4.4 Image processing and CCDs
F.5.1 Astronomy and astrophotography
F.5.2 General photography
F.5.3 High-volume photographic discount dealers
F.6 Camera repairs and modifications
Astrophotography for the Amateur
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