Business Services Orchestration :The Hypertier of Information Technology

Publication subTitle :The Hypertier of Information Technology

Author: Waqar Sadiq; Felix Racca; Michael Hammer  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2003

E-ISBN: 9780511039287

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521819817

Subject: F270.7 enterprise management modernization

Keyword: 商业经济体制和组织

Language: ENG

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Business Services Orchestration

Description

This book introduces a new, unique, and far-reaching industry technology, Business Service Orchestration (BSO). BSO encompasses the art of orchestrating the interactions between business services. These business services may represent internal business processes of organizations. Integration of many of these internal legacy, custom and COTS applications may, in turn, create these services. This book focuses on the importance of orchestration and how it enables IT professionals to develop and design highly effective and efficient business systems of the future. The book is divided into three major sections. Section I provides a detailed overview of business services and their orchestration and describes an in-depth architecture necessary to provide a web of business services, and orchestration of their interactions, including a methodology for modeling the BSO. Section II focuses on technologies necessary to orchestrate business services, ranging from component models to programming languages to various kinds of protocols. Section III reveals a real use case and explains how to apply orchestration to a real-life business process.

Chapter

1.2.3.1 Messaging Technology

1.2.3.2 Gateways or Bridges to Transactions

1.2.3.3 Persistent Data Stores

1.2.3.4 Gateways or Bridges to Persistent Data Stores

1.2.3.5 Remote Procedure Calling (RPC) and Object Brokers

1.2.3.6 Application Servers

1.2.3.7 Internet Servers

1.2.3.8 Fat Clients and Web Browsers

1.2.3.9 Screen Scrapers and Web Scrapers

1.2.3.10 Orchestration Engines

1.2.4 Combining Business Services

1.3 MOTIVATING DRIVERS

1.3.1 Customer Centric Economy

1.3.2 Trend Toward Virtual Enterprises

1.3.3 Pain of Mergers and Acquisitions

1.3.4 Avoiding Commoditization

1.3.5 Security Concerns

1.3.6 Current Approaches

1.3.7 New Technology

1.4 FUTURE OF BSO AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 2 Process of Orchestration

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.1.1 Orchestration Is Creating an Executable Process Model That Implements a New Business Service

2.1.2 Harmonization of Preexisting Business Services Is an Integral Part of Orchestration

2.1.3 Managing the Tempo of Business Services Through a Process Model Is Germane to Orchestration

2.2 ORCHESTRATION AS A PARADIGM

2.2.1 Differences from Application and Business-to-Business Integration Paradigms

2.2.1.1 Differences in Goals and Objectives

2.2.1.2 Differences in the Implementation Approach

2.2.1.3 Implications

2.2.2 Differences from the Service- or Component-Brokering (SCB) Paradigm

2.2.2.1 Differences in Goals and Objectives

2.2.2.2 Differences in the Implementation Approach

2.2.2.3 Implications

2.2.3 Differences from the Collaboration Paradigm

2.2.3.1 Differences in Goals and Objectives

2.2.3.2 Differences in Implementation Approach

2.2.3.3 Implications

2.2.4 Differences from the Process Reengineering Paradigm

2.2.4.1 Differences in Goals and Objectives

2.2.4.2 Differences in Implementation Approach

2.2.4.3 Implications

2.2.5 Differences from the Web Services Paradigm

2.2.5.1 Differences in Goals and Objectives

2.2.5.2 Differences in Implementation Approach

2.2.5.3 Implications

2.3 IMPACT OF ORCHESTRATION ON IT DISCIPLINES

2.3.1 Impact on IT Solutions Architecture

2.3.2 Impact on IT Solutions Design

2.3.3 Impact on IT Solutions Implementation

2.3.4 Impact on IT Solutions Project Management

2.4 IMPACT OF ORCHESTRATION ON BUSINESS

CHAPTER 3 The Hypertier of Information Technology

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 REQUIREMENTS

3.2.1 Availability

3.2.2 Scalability

3.2.3 Security

3.2.3.1 Authentication

3.2.3.2 Authorization

3.2.3.3 Message Confidentiality

3.2.3.4 Message Integrity

3.2.4 Flexibility

3.3 BSO REFERENCE MODEL

3.3.1 Operating Systems

3.3.2 Web Application Servers

3.3.3 Packaging Protocols

3.3.4 Business Services

3.3.5 Intelligent Business Objects

3.3.6 Orchestrations

3.3.7 Work Portals

3.3.8 System/Infrastructure Services

3.3.8.1 Data Management Services

3.3.8.2 Discovery Services

3.3.8.3 Security Services

3.3.8.4 Communication Services

3.3.8.5 Orchestration Engine Services

3.3.8.6 Transformation Services

3.3.9 Management Services

3.3.9.1 OLAP Services

3.3.9.2 Scalability Services

3.3.9.3 Fault Tolerance

3.3.9.4 Deployment Services

3.3.10 Management Tools

3.3.10.1 Orchestration Deployment Tools

3.3.10.2 Service Management Tools

3.3.10.3 OLAP Tools

3.3.11 Development Tools

3.3.11.1 Process ModelingTools

3.3.11.2 Component Synthesis Tools

3.3.11.3 User Interface Composition Tools

3.3.11.4 Mapping Tools

3.3.11.5 Source Control/Version Management Tools

3.3.12 Testing Environment

3.3.12.1 Interactive Debugging

3.3.12.2 Simulation

3.4 RECURSIVE COMPOSIBILITY

3.5 TRADING-PARTNER NETWORKS

CHAPTER 4 BSO Methodology: Orchestrating and Interpreting for Success

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.1.1 Silo Phenomenon

4.1.2 Managing Processes Through Functional Silos

4.1.3 Traits of Process-Driven Enterprises

4.1.4 BSO Methodology Outline

4.1.5 Advantages of the BSO Methodology

4.2 PHASE 0: PLAN PRIORITIES

4.2.1 Introduction to Phase 0

4.2.2 Inputs to Phase 0

4.2.3 Activities for Phase 0

4.2.3.1 Validate and Clarify Strategy

4.2.3.2 Identify CSFs and CBIs

4.2.3.3 Identify and Prioritize Services

4.2.3.4 Develop Services Improvement Plan

4.2.4 Outputs of Phase 0

4.3 PHASE 1: PLAN A PROJECT

4.3.1 Introduction to Phase 1

4.3.2 Inputs to Phase 1

4.3.3 Activities for Phase 1

4.3.3.1 Select Specific Critical Service to Work on

4.3.3.2 Model Services Context

4.3.3.3 Identify CSIs

4.3.3.4 Identify Service Boundaries

4.3.3.5 Document Constraints and Assumptions

4.3.3.6 Establish Service Goals

4.3.3.7 Determine Time Lines and Commitments

4.3.3.8 Define Project Roles

4.3.3.9 Develop Project Plan

4.3.3.10 Orient Project Participants

4.3.4 Outputs of Phase 1

4.3.4.1 Project Goals

4.3.4.2 Project Roles

4.3.4.3 Service Descriptions

4.3.4.4 Service Improvement Project Plan

4.4 PHASE 2: ANALYZE AND DESIGN

4.4.1 Introduction to Phase 2

4.4.2 Inputs to Phase 2

4.4.3 Activities for Phase 2

4.4.3.1 Business BSOIA

4.4.3.2 Design and Approve Prototype

4.4.4 Outputs of Phase 2

4.5 PHASE 3: IMPLEMENT

4.5.1 Introduction to Phase 3

4.5.2 Inputs to Phase 3

4.5.3 Activities for Phase 3

4.5.3.1 Development Stage

4.5.3.2 Testing Stage

4.5.3.3 Configuration Stage

4.5.3.4 Deployment Stage

4.5.3.5 Quality Assurance Stage

4.5.3.6 Outputs of Phase 3

4.6 PHASE 4: MANAGE CHANGE

4.6.1 Introduction to Phase 4

4.6.2 Inputs to Phase 4

4.6.3 Activities for Phase 4

4.6.4 Outputs of Phase 4

4.7 SUMMARY

CHAPTER 5 Basic Applications and Data Services

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PLATFORMS

5.2.1 Capabilities of Application Development Platforms

5.2.1.1 Robustness and Scalability

5.2.1.2 Metadata Management

5.2.1.3 Database Connectivity

5.2.1.4 Distributed Transaction

5.2.1.5 Messaging

5.2.1.6 Security

5.2.1.7 Web Service Support

5.2.2 CORBA

5.2.2.1 Scalability and Robustness

5.2.2.2 Metadata Management

5.2.2.3 Persistence Management

5.2.2.4 OTS

5.2.2.5 Messaging

5.2.2.6 Security

5.2.3 J2EE

5.2.3.1 Robustness and Scalability

5.2.3.2 Database Connectivity

5.2.3.3 Transaction Management

5.2.3.4 Messaging

5.2.3.5 Security

5.2.3.6 Web Service Support

5.2.4 .NET

5.2.4.1 Enterprise Services in .NET

5.2.4.2 Robustness and Scalability

5.2.4.3 Metadata Management

5.2.4.4 Database Connectivity

5.2.4.5 Transaction Management

5.2.4.6 Messaging

5.2.4.7 Security

5.2.4.8 Web Service Support

5.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

5.3.1 Important Attributes of Languages to Support BSO

5.3.1.1 Complete Object Model

5.3.1.2 Abstract Interfaces

5.3.1.3 Late Binding and Dynamic Loading

5.3.1.4 Introspection

5.3.1.5 Garbage Collection

5.3.2 Java

5.3.2.1 Portability

5.3.2.2 Interfaces

5.3.2.3 Introspection

5.3.2.4 Dynamic Loading

5.3.2.5 Garbage Collection

5.3.3 C#

5.3.3.1 Interfaces

5.3.3.2 Introspection

5.3.3.3 Attributes

5.3.3.4 Explicit Interface Implementation

5.3.3.5 Value Types and Boxing

5.3.3.6 Enumerations

5.3.3.7 Delegates

5.3.3.8 Events

5.3.3.9 Deterministic Object Cleanup

5.3.3.10 Properties

5.3.3.11 Indexers

5.4 BUSINESS SERVICES RELATED

5.4.1 XML

5.4.2 SOAP

5.4.3 Service Description Languages

5.4.3.1 Type System

5.4.3.2 Messages

5.4.3.3 PortTypes

5.4.3.4 Bindings

5.4.3.5 Services

5.5 BRIDGES TO LEGACY APPLICATIONS

5.5.1 Screen Scrapers

5.5.2 Bridges to Indexed Files

5.5.3 Bridges to Databases

5.5.4 Bridges to Legacy Transaction or Application Servers

5.6 SUMMARY

CHAPTER 6 Business Services Aggregation

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 MODES OF COMMUNICATION

6.2.1 Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs)

6.2.2 Messaging

6.2.2.1 Point-to-Point Messaging

6.2.2.2 Broadcast Messaging

6.3 MODES OF SHARING DATA

6.3.1 Point-to-Point Data Movement

6.3.2 Data Aggregation

6.3.3 Data Dissemination

6.4 ADAPTERS AND TRANSFORMATION FACILITIES

6.4.1 Transformation Facilities

6.4.2 Adapters

6.5 INTEGRATION BROKERS

6.6 WEB SERVICES

6.6.1 Reliable Message Delivery

6.6.2 Business Transaction Protocol

6.6.3 Security

6.6.3.1 Authentication

6.6.3.2 Message Confidentiality

6.6.3.3 Authorization

6.6.3.4 Message Integrity

6.6.4 Performance

6.6.4.1 Better Message Encapsulation

6.6.4.2 Binary Encoding

6.7 INTEGRATION BROKERS VERSUS WEB SERVICES

6.8 INTELLIGENT BUSINESS OBJECTS (IBOS)

CHAPTER 7 Metadata and Service Discovery

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 METADATA ARCHITECTURE

7.2.1 Information Model for Meta Repository

7.2.1.1 Organizational/User Information

7.2.1.2 Rules

7.2.1.3 Business Services Information

7.2.1.4 BSO Definitions

7.2.2 Capabilities of the Metadata Repository

7.2.2.1 Identification Schemes

7.2.2.2 Classification Schemes (Taxonomies)

7.3 DISCOVERY

7.3.1 Discovery by Humans

7.3.2 Discovery by Development Tools

7.3.3 Discovery by Other Programs

7.3.3.1 Accessing Service Listening Address

7.3.3.2 Generating Dynamic Proxies

7.3.3.3 Ad Hoc Queries for Dynamic Participants

7.4 EVOLUTION OF METADATA FACILITIES

7.4.1 Naming Service

7.4.2 Directory Service

7.4.3 OMG’s Trader Service

7.5 BUSINESS REGISTRY

7.5.1 Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)

7.5.1.1 Information Model for UDDI

7.5.1.2 Access Interfaces for UDDI

7.5.1.3 Usage Patterns

7.5.1.4 UDDI for BSO

7.5.2 ebXML Registry & Repository

7.6 CLIENT-SIDE APIS

7.6.1 JAXR Information Model

7.6.2 JAXR Architecture

7.6.3 JAXR Client Interface

7.6.4 Capability Profiles

7.6.5 Pluggable Provider

7.6.6 Value-Added Services

7.6.6.1 Taxonomy Browsing

7.6.6.2 Internal and External Taxonomies

7.7 A SUITABLE METADATA REGISTRY FOR BSO

7.7.1 Registry Consolidation

7.7.2 Metadata API in the Form of a Model

CHAPTER 8 Business Services Orchestration Language (BSOL)

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

8.2.1 Abstract Concepts

8.2.1.1 Message Definitions

8.2.1.2 Roles

8.2.1.3 Activities

8.2.1.4 Transitions

8.2.1.5 Timeouts and Exceptions

8.2.1.6 Orchestration (Abstract Process)

8.2.1.7 Human Intervention

8.2.2 Implementation

8.2.2.1 BSO Process Input/Output

8.2.2.2 Instance Variables

8.2.2.3 Activity Implementation

8.2.3 Miscellaneous

8.2.3.1 Start and End Activities

8.2.3.2 Code Organization

8.2.3.3 Startup/Creation

8.2.3.4 Conditions

8.2.3.5 Splits and Joins

8.2.3.6 Timers

8.2.3.7 Exception Handling

8.2.3.8 Compensating Transactions

8.3 ADVANCED FEATURES

8.3.1 Parameterization

8.3.1.1 Parametric Subprocesses

8.3.1.2 Parametric Roles

8.3.2 Composibility

8.3.2.1 Business Process Representation as a Service

8.3.2.2 Recursive Composition

8.3.2.3 Nested Processes

8.3.3 Dynamic Participants

8.3.4 BSO Management

8.3.4.1 Life Cycle

8.3.4.2 Interprocess Synchronization

8.3.4.3 Interruption Handling

8.3.4.4 Process Monitoring

8.4 PREDEFINED SIGNALS

8.5 WORKFLOW

8.5.1 Task Lists

8.5.2 Work Portal

8.6 SUMMARY

CHAPTER 9 Integrating Human Services

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 THE “PARTITURE” OR WORK PORTAL

9.2.1 On-Line

9.2.2 Off-Line

9.3 WORK PORTAL EXTENSIONS OR PRESENTATION COMPONENTS

9.4 IXOS

9.4.1 An Imaginary Usage Example

9.4.2 IXOs from the Process Perspective

Index

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