Conservation in Africa ：Peoples, Policies and Practice

Publication subTitle ：Peoples, Policies and Practice

Author： David Anderson; Richard H. Grove  

Publisher： Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year： 1989

E-ISBN: 9781139242301

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521349901

Subject： Q16 Conservation Biology

Keyword： 保护生物学

Language： ENG

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Conservation in Africa

Description

This book provides a new inter-disciplinary look at the practice and policies of conservation in Africa. Bringing together social scientists, anthropologists and historians with biologists for the first time, the book sheds some light on the previously neglected but critically important social aspects of conservation thinking. To date conservation has been very much the domain of the biologist, but the current ecological crisis in Africa and the failure of orthodox conservation policies demand a radical new appraisal of conventional practices. This new approach to conservation, the book argues, cannot deal simply with the survival of species and habitats, for the future of African wildlife is intimately tied to the future of African rural communities. Conservation must form an integral part of future policies for human development. The book emphasises this urgent need for a complementary rather than a competitive approach. It covers a wide range of topics important to this new approach, from wildlife management to soil conservation and from the Cape in the nineteenth century to Ethiopia in the 1980s. It is essential reading for all those concerned about people and conservation in Africa.

Chapter

Cover

Half-title

Title

Copyright

Contents

PREFACE

CONTRIBUTORS

Introduction:The scramble for Eden: past, present andfuture in African conservation

References

PART ONE: Conservation ideologies in Africa

Introduction

References

1 Early themes in African conservation:the Cape in the nineteenth century

The origins of conservation at the Cape, 1811-54

The beginnings of intervention, 1854-66

Conservation intervention after 1866

Conclusion

Notes

References

2 Chivalry, social Darwinism and ritualised killing: the hunting ethos in Central Africa up to 1914

Commercial hunting

Hunting as subsidy

The Hunt

Notes

References

3 Colonialism, capitalism and the ecological crisis in Malawi: a reassessment

Notes

References

4 Conservation with a human face: conflict and reconciliation in African land use planning

The costs and benefits of conservation

Africa's ecological crisis

Desertification

The status of wildlife and wildlife conservation

The crisis: another viewpoint

Strategies of the attainable

Participation in the planning process

Acknowledgements

References

PART TWO: Wildlife, parks and pastoralists

Introduction

References

5 Pastoralism, conservation and the overgrazing controversy

Conventional wisdom

Carrying capacity

Management aims and productivity measures

Pasture models

Baringo District, Kenya

Ngorongoro Conservation Area

Discussion and conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

6 Pastoralists and wildlife:image and reality in Kenya Maasailand

Archaeology and 'the pastoralist threat to wildlife', c.750 BP - c.1880.

The creation of an image: the Maasai and the British, c.1880-1960

Discussion

Notes

References

7 Integrating parks and pastoralists:some lessons from Amboseli

Introduction

Ecological background of Amboseli

Early conservation programmes 1899-1977

Recent conservation plans: the 1977 Park agreement

Outcome of the 1977 Park policies

Benefits to the Maasai and land-use integrati

Conservation objectives

Lessons for the future

Acknowledgements

References

8 The Mursi and National Park developmentin the Lower Omo Valley

Wildlife conservation in the Lower Omo Valley

The impact of wildlife conservation on the Mursi

The domesticated and the wild: two views of the relationship between human society and the external world of nature

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

PART THREE:Conservation priorities and rural communities

Introduction

References

9 Local institutions, tenure and resource management in East Africa1

Introduction

A conceptual framework

Levels of decision-making

Wealth distribution

Market linkages

Demographic pressure

Indigenous systems of range management

The historical context

The Maasai management system

The II Chamus management system

Indigenous management of forest resources

The historical context

The management system

Recent changes

Discussion

Notes

References

10 Conflicting uses for forest resources in the Lower Tana River basin of Kenya

Introduction

Developments in the Tana River basin

The Lower Tana

Forest resource use

Fuelwood use and wood availability

Impacts of fuelwood collection

Conclusions

References

11 Environmental degradation, soil conservation and agricultural policies in Sierra Leone, 1895-1984

Environmental degradation, 1895-1939

Agricultural policy and soil conservation, 1895-1939

Environmental degradation, 1939-61

Agricultural policy and soil conservation, 1939-61

Environmental degradation, 1961-84

Agricultural policy and soil conservation, 1961-84

Discussion and analysis

Notes

References

12 Managing the forest: the conservation history of Lembus, Kenya, 1904-63

The Lembus Forest

Commerce and conservation

Conservation and African rights

Conclusion

Notes

References

PART FOUR:Consequences for conservation and development

Introduction

Notes

References

13 The political reality of conservation in Nigeria

Conservation and political decision-making

Forest policy

Implementation and legislation

Conservation and development

Conclusion

References

14 Settlement, pastoralism and the commons:the ideology and practice of irrigation development in northern Kenya1

Introduction

Ideology

Irrigation agriculture

Pauperisation

Case I - Iresa Boru Township

Case II - Gafarsa Scheme

Conclusion

Notes

References

15 Approaches to water resource development,Sokoto Valley, Nigeria: the problem of sustainability

Introduction

Large scale irrigation

Floodplain water conservation

Conclusion

Notes

References

16 State policy and famine in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia: the lessons for conservation

Ecology and rural economy in the Awash valley

The impact of irrigation development

State response to Gamine

Conclusion

References

INDEX

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