English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580–1837 ( Cambridge Studies in Population, Economy and Society in Past Time )

Publication series :Cambridge Studies in Population, Economy and Society in Past Time

Author: E. A. Wrigley; R. S. Davies; J. E. Oeppen  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 1997

E-ISBN: 9781139241199

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521590150

Subject: K561 UK

Keyword: 英国

Language: ENG

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English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580–1837

Description

English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580–1837 is the most important single contribution to English historical demography since Wrigley and Schofield's Population History of England. It represents the culmination of work carried out at the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure over the past quarter-century. This work demonstrates the value of the technique of family reconstitution as a means of obtaining accurate and detailed information about fertility, morality, and nuptiality in the past. Indeed, more is now known about many aspects of English demography in the parish register period than about the post-1837 period when the Registrar-General collected and published information. Using data from 26 parishes, the authors show clearly that their results are representative not only of the demographic situation of the parishes from which the data were drawn, but also of the country as a whole. Some very surprising features of the behaviour of past populations are brought to light for the first time.

Chapter

A comparison of national totals of events and totals from the parish groups

Baptisms

Burials

Marriages

What the tests of representativeness suggest

Changes in the relative importance of parishes

4 Reliability

Indirect evidence from totals of events in the reconstitution parishes

Coverage of events in Anglican registers

The completeness of Anglican registration in the reconstituted parishes

Reconstitution data and the Registrar-General's early returns

Infant and child mortality

Fertility

Nuptiality

Internal consistency and demographic plausibility

The evidence of the mid-nineteenth-century enumerators' books

Delayed baptism and dummy births

The processing of data taken from FRFs

Conclusion

PART II

5 Nuptiality

The special characteristics of the reconstitution marriage data

Nuptiality trends and characteristics

The frequency distribution of age at marriage in bachelor/spinster marriages

Other marriage rank combinations

The age gap between spouses

Marriage ages from reconstitution compared with the Registrar-General's returns

Sources of bias in the estimation of age at marriage

The changing relative frequency of different marriage rank combinations

Marriage age and birth parity

Remarriage

Parochial trends and characteristics

Conclusion

6 Mortality

Mortality and economic circumstances

Mortality, social conventions, and life styles

The reconstitution data and techniques of analysis

Infant and child mortality

Overall patterns of infant and child mortality

Infant mortality

The mortality of multiple births

Mortality in childhood

Age patterns of mortality and model life tables

Short-term changes in infant and child mortality

Infant and child mortality in individual parishes

Adult mortality

Overall mortality

Male and female mortality

Infancy and childhood

Adulthood

Maternal mortality

Seasonal mortality

General patterns

The first two years of life

The seasonal concentration of death

Unconventional age divisions within the first two years of life

Conclusion

7 Fertility

The evidence from completed marriages

The measurement of fecundity and fertility

The duration of fecundity

The variables determining fertility

Change in the components of fertility over time

Duration of marriage effects on fertility rates

Parity progression ratios

Particular influences on fertility characteristics

Fertility and mortality

The fertility of different marriage rank combinations

Fertility and age difference between spouses

Prenuptially conceived births

Fertility and 'occupation'

Long-run trends

Birth intervals and long-run fertility trends

Conventional age-specific marital fertility rates

The 'natural fertility' question

The credibility of fertility estimates derived from parish registers

Fecundability

The concept of fecundability

Fecundability measured by the interval from marriage to first birth

Change over time

Fecundability later in marriage

Other aspects of fecundability

Fecundability by parity

An alternative method of measuring fecundability later in marriage

The individual parishes

Conclusion

PART III

8 Reconstitution and inverse projection

Generalised inverse projection and back projection

Revised input data

The effect of the new data on demographic estimates

Changing the input parameters

Mean age at maternity

The age structure of mortality

Other input parameters

The new GIP estimates and reconstitution

9 Conclusion

APPENDICES

1 A list of the reconstituted parishes from which data were drawn and of the names of those who carried out the reconstitutions

2 Examples of the slips and forms used in reconstitution and a description of the system of weights and flags employed

3 Truncation bias and similar problems

4 Tests for logical errors in reconstitution data

5 Correcting for a 'missing' parish in making tabulations of marriage age

6 The estimation of adult mortality

7 Adjusting mortality rates taken from the four groups to form a single series

Infant and child mortality

Adult mortality

8 The calculation of the proportion of women still fecund at any given age

9 Summary of quinquennial demographic data using revised aggregative data and produced by generalised inverse projection

10 Selection criteria used in compiling the tables in chapters 5 to 7

Bibliography

Name index

Place index

Subject index

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