From Chance to Choice :Genetics and Justice

Publication subTitle :Genetics and Justice

Author: Allen Buchanan; Dan W. Brock; Norman Daniels  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2001

E-ISBN: 9781316046500

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521669771

Subject: R-052 Medical Ethics

Keyword: 哲学理论

Language: ENG

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From Chance to Choice

Description

This book, written by four internationally renowned bioethicists and first published in 2000, was the first systematic treatment of the fundamental ethical issues underlying the application of genetic technologies to human beings. Probing the implications of the remarkable advances in genetics, the authors ask how should these affect our understanding of distributive justice, equality of opportunity, the rights and obligations as parents, the meaning of disability, and the role of the concept of human nature in ethical theory and practice. The book offers a historical context to contemporary debate over the use of these technologies by examining the eugenics movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The questions raised in this book will be of interest to any reflective reader concerned about science and society and the rapid development of biotechnology, as well as to professionals in such areas as philosophy, bioethics, medical ethics, health management, law, and political science.

Chapter

EUGENICS AND ITS SHADOW

The Relevance of Eugenics

Eugenics: A Brief History

Common Themes of Eugenicists

Ethical Autopsy

The Social Dimension of Genetics

Conclusion

GENES, JUSTICE, AND HUMAN NATURE

Distributive Justice Issues Raised by Genetic Intervention

Including the Distribution of Natural Assets in the Domain of Justice

The Colonization of the Natural by the Just

Blurring the Distinction Between the Subjects and Objects of Justice

Justice, Human Nature, and the Natural Bases of Inequality

Human Nature and the Idea of Moral Progress

Genetic Intervention in the Name of Justice

The Obligation to Prevent Harm

Conclusions

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE GENETIC INTERVENTIONS

Old Distinctions in New Clothes

Treatment Versus Enhancement: Wide Use, Hard Cases, Strong Criticism

A Limited Defense of the Treatment/Enhancement Distinction and Its Circumscribed Use

Positive Versus Negative Genetic Interventions and the Permissible/Impermissible Boundary

WHY NOT THE BEST?

Having the Best Children We Can

What Is the Best and Who Decides?

Constraints on Permissions Allowed Parents

Conclusion

REPRODUCTIVE FREEDOM AND THE PREVENTION OF HARM

The Wider Context: Conflicts Between Liberty and Harm Prevention

What Is Reproductive Freedom?

The Interests and Values That Determine the Moral Importance of Reproductive Freedom

Use of Genetic Information to Prevent Harm

Conclusion

GENETIC INTERVENTION AND THE MORALITY OF INCLUSION

Objectives

The Public Promise of the New Genetics: Better Lives for All Through Medical Genetics

Challenging the Rhetoric: The Radical Disabilities Rights Advocates' Complaints

Sorting Out the Concerns of Disabilities Rights Advocates

The Social Construction of Disability and the Morality of Inclusion

Choosing a Dominant Cooperative Framework

Knowledge of Genetic Differences and the Morality of Inclusion

Conclusion

POLICY IMPLICATIONS

Where Does the Shadow of Eugenics Fall?

Distributive Justice

Securing Equality

Families

Citizenship and Inclusion

State, Society, Individual, and Markets

THE MEANING OF GENETIC CAUSATION

Three Modes of Intervention

Four Key Questions

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

METHODOLOGY

The Method of Reflective Equilibrium

The Limits of “Principlism”

A Liberal Framework

Negative and Positive Rights: Freedom and Weil-Being

Justifying the Liberal Framework

References

Index

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