Chapter
2.3.1 Spotted owls and the management of old-growth forests
2.3.2 Use of wetlands by waterbirds
2.3.3 Grazing in arid and semi-arid rangelands
2.4 Issues in resource management
2.4.1 Management units vs. mosaics
2.4.2 Species vs. ecosystems
2.4.3 Yield vs. sustainability
2.4.4 Equilibrium vs. natural variation and disturbance
2.4.5 Ecological integrity and ecological scales
2.5 Implications and guidelines for multi-scale landscape management
3 Focal patch landscape studies for wildlife management: Optimizing sampling effort across scales
3.2 How big is a landscape?
3.3 Importance of measuring multiple landscapes
3.4 Trade-offs in landscape study design
3.5 Overview of analysis tools and data considerations
3.5.1 Landscape pattern analysis
3.5.2 Statistical considerations associated with landscape-scale data
Broad-scale spatial trends
Spatially-correlated common causes
3.6 Case study: Effects of landscape structure on the abundance of the northern leopard frog
Strict selection criteria
Multi-scales – the patch, the landscape and sizes in between
3.7 Implications and guidelines for conducting multi-scale landscape studies for wildlife management
4 Managing for small-patch patterns in human-dominated landscapes: Cultural factors and Corn Belt agriculture
4.2 Cultural factors that affect small patch patterns
4.3 Example: Small patches in the Midwest Corn Belt
4.3.1 Description of the Midwest Corn Belt
4.3.2 The effect of culture on small patch characteristics in the Corn Belt
Land division, settlement patterns, and ownership traditions
Applied science and technology
Stewardship values and landscape aesthetic values
4.4 Recommendations to effect landscape change and apply multi-scale management
Enhance habitat by designing the shape and plant composition of small patches to show immediately recognizable good care
Enhance the habitat value of small uncultivated patches within the agricultural landscape: farmsteads, pastures…
Enhance habitat on land division boundaries: Roadsides, easements, and field boundaries
Design field shapes to conform to the dimensions and capabilities of field equipment and to intentionally enhance the patch…
Encourage new technology, like precision agriculture, to be applied in ways that enhance small-patch biodiversity
5 A landscape approach to managing the biota of streams
5.2 Landscape elements of stream ecology
5.3 Issues of scale in riverine management
5.3.1 The importance of scale
5.3.2 Scale effects: Interaction of land and stream
5.3.3 Scale issues in recreational fisheries management
5.3.4 Social and political considerations of managing at multiple scales
5.4 Linking landscape ecology concepts to management
5.4.1 Terrestrial patches
Influence of riparian buffers
5.4.2 Stream-hannel patches
5.5 Assessing biodiversity conservation needs
5.5.1 Developing conservation priorities at multiple spatial scales
5.6 Guidelines for riverine management
6 Linking ecological and social scales for natural resource management
6.2 Spatial scales relevant for natural resource managers
6.2.1 Dominant scale uses assessed from publications in the social and natural sciences
6.2.2 Scale delineation rationale in the sciences contributing to natural resource management
6.2.4 Ecological and social systems and their integration
6.3 A multi-scale approach to social ecological research: The case of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study
6.3.1 Description of the research
6.3.2 Results of the interdisciplinary watershed analysis
6.4 Integration of social and natural science spatial scales for management
PART III Landscape function and cross-boundary management
7 Assessing the ecological consequences of forest policies in a multi-ownership province in Oregon
7.2 Overview of multi-ownership landscape assessments and management
7.3 Case study: The Oregon Coast Range
7.3.2 The Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS)
7.3.3 Projection of future landscape conditions: An example
7.3.4 Spatial variation and pattern of ecosystems and ownerships
7.3.5 Spatial interactions among ownerships
Interior area patch sizes
Movement of wood and sediment
7.4.1 Potential ecological effects
7.4.2 The process of building integrated provincial-scale models
The importance of policy-makers and policy questions
The challenge of spatial information about landscapes and regions
The value of landscape projections
The challenge of measuring ecological effects
The challenge and importance of scale
Integration occurs at many levels and takes many forms
Conducting science in a public policy environment
7.5 Implications to policy and management
8 Incorporating the effects of habitat edges into landscape models: Effective area models for cross-boundary management
8.2 Edge effects and cross-boundary management
8.2.1 Edge effects: A “catch-all” term
8.2.2 Edge and interior species: An overused dichotomy?
8.2.3 Common assumptions about edge effects
8.2.4 Mechanisms that cause edge effects
8.3 Addressing edge effects through effective area models
8.3.3 Generating patch-specific predictions for landscape-scale analysis
8.4 Case studies and future applications
8.4.1 Edge effects on population size
8.4.2 Edge effects on community organization and biodiversity
8.4.3 Edge effects on ecosystem functioning
8.4.4 Edge permeability and animal behaviors: Promising applications of the EAM
8.5 Lessons and challenges
9 Aquatic–terrestrial linkages and implications for landscape management
9.2 Overview of cross-boundary interactions
Movements between aquatic and upland habitats
Movements between aquatic and wetland habitats
Movement among aquatic habitat patches
9.2.2 Hydro-physical links between terrestrial and aquatic systems
Above-ground flows of water and matter
Groundwater flows from upland to aquatic systems
Interactions between organism and hydro-physical flows
9.3 Case study: Adirondack fisheries and management at the landscape scale
9.4 Implications and guidelines for cross-boundary management
9.4.1 Maintenance of the natural hydrologic regime
9.4.2 Protection of critical landscape elements
9.4.3 Decreasing vulnerability of wildlife
9.4.4 Maintaining isolation of aquatic communities
9.4.5 Eight rules of thumb for managing aquatic–terrestrial linkages
PART IV Landscape change and adaptive management
10 A landscape-transition matrix approach for land management
10.2 Transition matrices in the context of ecological landscape modeling
10.2.2 Applications of transition matrices
10.3 A protocol for developing and applying the transition approach to land management
10.3.1 Identify the problem
10.3.2. Develop a spatial-allocation rule using a land-use-impact matrix
10.3.3 Acquire relevant spatial data
10.3.4 Develop transition matrix
10.3.6 Characterize risk maps
10.3.8 Conduct post-decision assessment
10.4.1 The need for land management at Fort McCoy
10.4.2 Applying the approach to Fort McCoy
Develop the land-use-impact matrix
Acquire relevant spatial data
Develop transition matrix
Make the decision and conduct post-decision analysis
10.5.1 Lessons from Fort McCoy
10.5.2 Use of a landscape-transition approach
10.5.3 Implications for adaptive management
11 Tactical monitoring of landscapes
11.2 Terms and scope of discussion
11.3 Sampling spatial heterogeneity: Multi-scale designs
11.4 Model-integrated sampling designs
11.4.1 The rare herb Fusilli puttanesca
11.4.2 The Mexican spotted owl
11.4.3 Climatically sensitive sites in the Sierra Nevada
11.5 Monitoring temporal change: Trend detection and efficiency
11.6 Opportunities in adaptive management
12 Landscape change: Patterns, effects, and implications for adaptive management of wildlife resources
12.2 Patterns and causes of landscape change
12.2.1 Patterns of landscape change
12.2.2 Causes of landscape change
12.3 Effects of landscape change on wildlife
12.3.1 Habitat quantity and metapopulations
12.3.3 Habitat configuration
12.3.5 Species life history
12.3.6 Use of landscape change information for resource management
12.4 Case study: Two Michigan watersheds
12.4.1 General description of study areas
12.4.2 Landscape change in the watersheds
12.4.3 Factors influencing landscape change
12.4.4 Effects of landscape change on wildlife in the watersheds
12.4.5 Delineation of experimental units for adaptive management
12.5 Implications of landscape change studies for adaptive management
13 Landscape ecology in highly managed regions: The benefits of collaboration between management and researchers
13.2 Problems with experimenting at large spatial scales
13.3 Managed landscapes as “quasi-experiments”
13.4 Disadvantages of managed landscapes
13.5 Case study: A compromise solution of landscape research in rapidly changing landscapes
13.6 Implications and guidelines for adaptive management
PART V Landscape integrity and integrated management
14 Putting multiple use and sustained yield into a landscape context
14.2 Historical background
14.3 Understanding landscapes
14.4 Guidelines for multiple use and sustained yield from a landscape perspective
14.4.2 Managing in time and space
14.4.3 Considering context
14.4.4 Hierarchical organizations
14.4.5 Landscape analysis and design
14.5.1 The Pinelands National Reserve
14.5.2 Forest planning on the Hoosier National Forest
14.5.3 Landscape Analysis and Design (LAD) on the Wisconsin National Forests
15 Integrating landscape ecology into fisheries management: A rationale and practical considerations
15.2 Aquatic systems are landscapes too!
15.2.1 Landscape features affect fish communities: Small temperate lakes
15.2.2 Landscape features affect fish production: The Peruvian anchoveta
15.3 Terrestrial landscapes affect the functioning of aquatic landscapes
15.3.1 Activities on land affect fish communities: The Huron River watershed
15.4 Moving towards a landscape approach: Chesapeake Bay case study
15.4.1 The Chesapeake Bay as a landscape
15.4.2 Fisheries production depends on the Chesapeake Bay landscape
15.4.3 Activities in the watershed affect fisheries production
15.4.4 Developing solutions for the Chesapeake Bay fisheries
15.5 Incorporating landscape ecology into fishery management practices
15.6 Challenges to integrating landscape ecology into fishery management practices
16 Applications of advanced technologies in studying and managing grassland landscape integrity
16.2 Overview of advanced technologies
16.2.2 Geographic information systems
16.2.3 Global positioning systems
16.3 Case studies: The Flint Hills of Kansas
16.3.2 Estimating aboveground net primary production
16.3.3 Assessing woody expansion into grasslands
16.3.4 Predicting grazing distribution at landscape scales
16.4 Implications and guidelines for management
17 An integrated approach to landscape science and management
17.2 Integrated landscape science and management: What and why?
17.3 Case study: The Western Australian wheatbelt
17.3.1 Description of the region
17.3.2 An integrated approach: Framework and methods
17.3.3 Economic, agricultural, and hydrological modules
17.3.4 The ecological module: An approach to conservation management
17.3.5 Specifying conservation goals
17.3.6 Linking species and processes in conservation management
17.3.7 From local to landscape: Cross-scale management
17.4 Implications for integrated science and management
17.4.1 Integrated approaches to landscape science
17.4.2 Linking science and management: Adaptive management
17.4.3 Rules of thumb for landscape management
PART VI Syntheses and perspectives
18 Bridging the gap between landscape ecology and natural resource management
18.2 What can be gained from a landscape perspective?
Land use and water quality
18.2.2 Management of forest landscapes
Forest harvesting patterns
Natural disturbance regimes
18.3 Gaps between landscape ecology and natural resource management: What are they, and why are they there?
18.3.2 Incongruities of scale
18.3.4 Training and experience
18.3.5 Technical infrastructure and data
18.3.6 Institutional culture
18.4 Bridging the gap between landscape ecology and resource management
18.4.2 Incongruities of scale
18.4.4 Training and experience
18.4.5 Technical infrastructure and data
18.4.6 Institutional culture
19 Landscape ecology of the future: A regional interface of ecology and socioeconomics
Integrating the natural and social sciences
How to move to a regional interface of ecology and socioeconomics
Integrating Landscape Ecology into Natural Resource Management
( Cambridge Studies in Landscape Ecology )
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