Inside the Juror :The Psychology of Juror Decision Making ( Cambridge Series on Judgment and Decision Making )

Publication subTitle :The Psychology of Juror Decision Making

Publication series :Cambridge Series on Judgment and Decision Making

Author: Reid Hastie  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 1994

E-ISBN: 9781139243049

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521477550

Subject: B84 Psychology

Keyword: 心理学

Language: ENG

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Inside the Juror

Description

Inside the Juror presents the most interesting and sophisticated work to date on juror decision making from several traditions - social psychology, behavioural decision theory, cognitive psychology, and behavioural modeling. The authors grapple with crucial questions, such as: why do jurors who hear the same evidence and arguments in the courtroom enter the jury room with disagreements about the proper verdict? how do biases and prejudices affect jurors' decisions? and just how 'rational' is the typical juror? As an introduction to the scientific study of juror decision making in criminal trials, Inside the Juror provides a comprehensive and understandable summary of the major theories of juror decision making and the research that has been conducted to evaluate their validity.

Chapter

Stochastic process models for juror decision making

Cognitive approaches to juror judgment

Comparative summary

What is missing from this book?

Appendix A Abbreviated version of stimulus trial Commonwealth v. Johnson

Appendix B Abbreviated version of stimulus trial Commonwealth v. Bryant

References

2 Some steps between attitudes and verdicts

The paradox of individual differences

A generic model for jury decision making

Research on the relationship between attitudes toward capitalpunishment and juror decision making

Attitudes as individual differences

'Empirical research on the impact of attitudes on juror decisions

Summary of research on juror's predeliberation decisions

Individual differences in juror behavior in deliberation

Conclusion

References

3 The influence of outcome information and attitudes on juror decision making in search and seizure cases

A legal dilemma

Civil suits to deter illegal searches

Hindsight phenomena in legal decision making

The impact of outcome information on judgments

The role of attitudes in juror decision making

The impact of the seriousness of the crime on verdictjudgments

Empirical research

Conclusions

References

4 Algebraic models of juror decision processes

The basic weighted average model

Evidence integration processes

The decision criterion

The sequential averaging model

Assessment of juror and judge applications of the standardof proof and presumption of innocence

Presumption of innocence

Standard of proof

The algebraic modeling research paradigms and theirrelation to the trial jurors' task

Discussion and conclusions

References

5 Stochastic models of juror decision making

The Thomas and Hogue Poisson process model

Empirical research

Standard of proof instructions

Victim's attractiveness and conduct

Severity of penalty

Strength of evidence in prior cases

Conclusions

References

6 Formal and empirical research on cascaded inference in jurisprudence

Introduction

Formal research: Foundations

Formal studies: Results and observations

On inference structures

On witness credibility

Redundance issues

Reasoning chain issues

On several special types of evidence

Empirical studies: Background, objectives, and methods

Background and specific objectives

Methodological choices and tradeoffs

Empirical studies: Results and observations

Consistency among alternative methods for assessing the probativevalue of evidence

Probative assessment characteristics for different inference structures

Conclusion

Technical Appendix

References

7 Argument structuring and evidence evaluation

Summary

Temporal and relational structuring

Study of the process of structuring inferential argument

Empirical research: Inference from structured arguments

Some conclusions about argument structuring and evidenceevaluation

About the argument structuring process itself

Argument structuring and the factfinder

References

8 The story model for juror decision making

Introduction

The story model

Constructing a story

Learning verdict definitions

Making a decision

Temporal relations between stages

Empirical evidence for the story model

Interview study

Predicting importance ratings and memory for evidence

Predicting decisions and confidence in decisions

Comparisons with other models

Conclusions

References

Part II: Commentaries

9 Notes on the sampling of stimulus cases and the measurement of responses in research on juror decision making

References

10 Sausages and the law: Juror decisions in the much larger justice system

References

11 A rational game theory framework for the analysis of legal and criminal decision making

12 Why do jury research?

To improve the law

Influencing lawyers

Understanding juries for their own sake

Understanding beyond juries

Understanding legal systems

References

13 Two conceptions of the juror

How do meters respond to evidence?

Movements of single meters to successive pieces of evidence

How is evidence integrated from two or more meters?

Some comments on the story model

Individual differences

References

14 A mathematician comments on models of juror decision making

The Bayesian model

The role of mathematical models

Future research

References

Index of names

Index of subjects

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