Description
This 2001 book provides a comprehensive review of the origin and history of mantle plumes throughout geologic time. The book describes the exciting results of the last few years, and integrates an immense amount of material from the fields of geology, geophysics, and geochemistry that bear on mantle plumes. Included are chapters on hotspots and mantle upwelling, large igneous provinces (including examples from Mars and Venus), mantle plume generation and melting in plumes, plumes as tracers of mantle processes, plumes and continental growth, Archean mantle plumes, superplumes, mantle plume events in Earth history, and their effect on the atmosphere, oceans, and life. This book will be valuable as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in geophysics, geochemistry, and geology, and will also form a reference text for researchers in the Earth sciences from a variety of disciplines.
Chapter
Louisville Volcanic Chain
Austral–Cook and Society Volcanic Chains
Continental Hotspot Tracks
Hotspot Magma Composition
Seismicity and Tectonics of Hotspots
Plume–Hotspot Relationships
The Hotspot Reference Frame
Seismic-Wave and Density Anomalies
Descending Slabs and Mantle Upwellings
3 Large Igneous Provinces
Characteristics of Flood Basalts
Crustal Structure of Oceanic Plateaus
Composition of the Deep Crust
Examples of Large Igneous Provinces
North Atlantic Igneous Province
Ontong Java and Hikurangi Plateaus
The Ontong–Australian Plate Collision
Paranà–Etendeka Flood Basalts
Ethiopian and East African Plateaus
Relationship of Dyke Swarms to Plumes
Dyke Swarms on Venus and Mars
Kimberlites, Diamonds, and Mantle Plumes
4 Mantle Plume Generation and Melting
Uplift, Deformation, and Subsidence
Field and Dating Evidence
How Long Do Plumes Survive?
Plume Families and Head–Tail Detachments
Phase Transitions and Plumes
Hard Turbulence and Plumes
Effect of Planetary Rotation on Plume Distribution
Melting in a Mantle Plume
Lithosphere–Plume Interactions
Plume Erosion of the Lithosphere
Dehydration Melting of the Lithosphere
Magma Composition and Plume Melting
Do We Need More Plume Modeling?
5 Plumes as Tracers of Mantle Processes
Identifying Oceanic Mantle Components with Isotopic Tracers
Lithosphere and Crustal Contributions to Plumes
Nb/U Ratios in the Mantle
New Ideas on Mantle Convection
6 Mantle Plumes and Continental Growth
Accreted Oceanic Plateaus
Caribbean Oceanic Plateau
Tectonic History of the Caribbean Plateau
Accreted Oceanic Plateaus in the American Cordillera
Accreted Oceanic Plateaus in Japan
Plume-Related Underplating during Supercontinent Breakup
Accretion of Plume Heads to the Lithosphere
Oceanic Plateaus and Continental Growth
Oceanic Plateaus as Lower Continental Crust
Making Continental Crust from Oceanic Plateaus
Discussion of Oceanic Plateau Accretion
7 Mantle Plumes in the Archean
Tracking Plumes into the Archean with Greenstones
Greenstone Lithologic Associations
Heads It’s Basalts, Tails It’s Komatiites
Plume-Head Underplating of the Lithosphere
Secular Changes in the Mantle
The Appearance of Enriched Mantle
Komatiites as Geothermometers
How Hot Was the Archean Mantle?
Was the Archean Mantle Iron-Rich?
Were Mantle Plumes More Widespread in the Archean?
Plumes and Supercontinents
Mantle Plumes and Supercontinent Breakup
Large Plates and Mantle Upwelling
The Mid-Cretaceous Superplume Event
What Is a Superplume Event?
Precambrian Superplume Events
Kimberlites and Superplumes
Initiation of Superplume Events
Superplume Events and Supercontinents
The Grenville Event at 1 Ga
Superchrons and Superplumes
9 Mantle Plumes and Earth Systems
Superplumes, Supercontinents, and the Carbon Cycle
Strontium Isotopes in Marine Carbonates
Geological Consequences of Superplume Events and Supercontinents
Permo–Carboniferous Event
Strontium Isotopes in Seawater
Massive Sulfate Evaporites
Carbon and Sulfur Isotopes
The Case for a 1.9-Ga Superplume Event
Mantle Plumes and their Record in Earth History
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