Methods of Statistical Physics

Author: Tomoyasu Tanaka  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2002

E-ISBN: 9780511074370

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521580564

Subject: O414.2 statistical physics

Keyword: 物理学

Language: ENG

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Methods of Statistical Physics

Description

This graduate-level textbook on thermal physics covers classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and its applications. It describes theoretical methods to calculate thermodynamic properties, such as the equation of state, specific heat, Helmholtz free energy, magnetic susceptibility and phase transitions of macroscopic systems. In addition to the more standard material covered, this book also describes powerful techniques, which are not found elsewhere, to determine the correlation effects on which the thermodynamic properties are based. Particular emphasis is given to the cluster variation method and a novel formulation is developed for its expression in terms of correlation functions. Although a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics is required, the mathematical formulations are accessible and entirely self-contained. The book will therefore constitute an ideal companion text for graduate students studying courses on the theory of complex analysis, classical mechanics, classical electrodynamics, and quantum mechanics.

Chapter

1.11 The Carnot cycle

1.12 The thermodynamic temperature

1.13 The Carnot cycle of an ideal gas

1.14 The Clausius inequality

1.15 The entropy

1.16 General integrating factors

1.17 The integrating factor and cyclic processes

1.18 Hausen’s cycle

Process (i) Isothermal within each subsystem; adiabatic for the combined system

Process (ii) Adiabatic for each subsystem individually

Process (iii) Isothermal, within each subsystem; adiabatic for the combined system

Process (iv) Adiabatic for each system individually

1.19 Employment of the second law of thermodynamics

1.20 The universal integrating factor

2 Thermodynamic relations

2.1 Thermodynamic potentials

2.2 Maxwell relations

2.3 The open system

2.4 The Clausius–Clapeyron equation

2.5 The van der Waals equation

2.6 The grand potential

3 The ensemble theory

3.1 Microstate and macrostate

3.2 Assumption of equal a priori probabilities

3.3 The number of microstates

3.4 The most probable distribution

3.5 The Gibbs paradox

3.6 Resolution of the Gibbs paradox: quantum ideal gases

3.7 Canonical ensemble

3.8 Thermodynamic relations

3.9 Open systems

3.10 The grand canonical distribution

3.11 The grand partition function

3.12 The ideal quantum gases

4 System Hamiltonians

4.1 Representations of the state vectors

4.1.1 Coordinate representation

4.1.2 The momentum representation

4.1.3 The eigenrepresentation

4.2 The unitary transformation

4.3 Representations of operators

4.4 Number representation for the harmonic oscillator

4.5 Coupled oscillators: the linear chain

4.6 The second quantization for bosons

4.7 The system of interacting fermions

4.8 Some examples exhibiting the effect of Fermi–Dirac statistics

4.8.1 The Fermi hole

4.8.2 The hydrogen molecule

4.9 The Heisenberg exchange Hamiltonian

4.10 The electron–phonon interaction in metal

4.11 The dilute Bose gas

4.12 The spin-wave Hamiltonian

5 The density matrix

5.1 The canonical partition function

5.2 The trace invariance

5.3 The perturbation expansion

5.4 Reduced density matrices

5.5 One-site and two-site density matrices

5.5.1 One-site density matrix

5.5.2 Two-site density matrix

5.6 The four-site reduced density matrix

5.6.1 The reduced density matrix for a square cluster

5.6.2 The reduced density matrix for a regular tetrahedron cluster

5.7 The probability distribution functions for the Ising model

5.7.1 The one-site reduced distribution function

5.7.2 The two-site distribution function

5.7.3 The equilateral triangle distribution function

5.7.4 The four-site (square) distribution function

5.7.5 The four-site (tetrahedron) distribution function

5.7.6 The six-site (regular octahedron) distribution function [Exercise 5.7]

6 The cluster variation method

6.1 The variational principle

6.2 The cumulant expansion

6.3 The cluster variation method

6.4 The mean-field approximation

6.5 The Bethe approximation

6.6 Four-site approximation

6.7 Simplified cluster variation methods

6.8 Correlation function formulation

6.8.1 One-site density matrix

6.8.2 Two-site density matrix

6.9 The point and pair approximations in the CFF

6.10 The tetrahedron approximation in the CFF

7 Infinite-series representations of correlation functions

7.1 Singularity of the correlation functions

7.2 The classical values of the critical exponent

7.2.1 The mean-field approximation

7.2.2 The pair approximation

7.3 An infinite-series representation of the partition function

7.4 The method of Padé approximants

7.5 Infinite-series solutions of the cluster variation method

7.5.1 Mean-field approximation

7.5.2 Pair approximation

7.5.3 Tetrahedron approximation

7.5.4 Tetrahedron-plus-octahedron approximation

7.6 High temperature specific heat

7.6.1 Pair approximation

7.6.2 Tetrahedron approximation

7.6.3 Tetrahedron-plus-octahedron approximation

7.7 High temperature susceptibility

7.7.1 Mean-field approximation

7.7.2 Pair approximation

7.7.3 Tetrahedron approximation

7.7.4 Tetrahedron-plus-octahedron approximation

7.8 Low temperature specific heat

7.8.1 Mean-field approximation

7.8.2 Pair approximation

7.8.3 Tetrahedron approximation

7.8.4 Tetrahedron-plus-octahedron approximation

7.9 Infinite series for other correlation functions

8 The extended mean-field approximation

8.1 The Wentzel criterion

8.2 The BCS Hamiltonian

8.3 The s–d interaction

8.4 The ground state of the Anderson model

8.5 The Hubbard model

8.6 The first-order transition in cubic ice

9 The exact Ising lattice identities

9.1 The basic generating equations

9.2 Linear identities for odd-number correlations

9.3 Star-triangle-type relationships

9.4 Exact solution on the triangular lattice

9.5 Identities for diamond and simple cubic lattices

9.5.1 Diamond lattice

9.5.2 Simple cubic lattice

9.6 Systematic naming of correlation functions on the lattice

9.6.1 Characterization of correlation functions

Site-number representation

Occupation-number representation

Bond representation

Vertex-number representation

9.6.2 Is the vertex-number representation an over-characterization?

9.6.3 Computer evaluation of the correlation functions

10 Propagation of short range order

10.1 The radial distribution function

10.2 Lattice structure of the superionic conductor AlphaAgI

10.3 The mean-field approximation

10.4 The pair approximation

10.5 Higher order correlation functions

10.5.1 AgI

10.5.2 Ag2S

10.6 Oscillatory behavior of the radial distribution function

10.7 Summary

11 Phase transition of the two-dimensional Ising model

11.1 The high temperature series expansion of the partition function

11.2 The Pfaffian for the Ising partition function

11.2.1 Lattice terminals

11.2.2 The Pfaffian

11.3 Exact partition function

11.4 Critical exponents

Appendix 1 The gamma function

A1.1 The Stirling formula

A1.2 Surface area of the N-dimensional sphere

Appendix 2 The critical exponent in the tetrahedron approximation

Appendix 3 Programming organization of the cluster variation method

A3.1 Characteristic matrices

A3.2 Properties of characteristic matrices

A3.3 Susceptibility determinants

Appendix 4 A unitary transformation applied to the Hubbard Hamiltonian

Appendix 5 Exact Ising identities on the diamond lattice

A5.1 Definitions of some correlation functions

A5.1.1 Even correlation functions

A5.1.2 Odd correlation functions

A5.2 Some of the Ising identities for the odd correlation functions

References

Bibliography

Index

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