Chapter
Sclerosing mediastinitis in IgG4-related sclerosing disease
Chapter 4 The thymus gland
Thymic vasculature: perivascular spaces
lymphocytes in the thymus
Other cell types in the thymus
T-cell development in the thymus: thymopoiesis
The thymus and immunologic self-tolerance
Chapter 5 Pathology of non-neoplastic conditions of the thymus
True or simple thymic hyperplasia
True thymic hyperplasia with massive enlargement
True thymic hyperplasia after chemotherapy and other conditions
Lymphoid or follicular thymic hyperplasia
The thymus in immunodeficiency syndromes
The thymus in congenital immunodeficiency syndromes
Thymic abnormalities in acquired immune deficiency syndrome and other conditions
The thymus in myasthenia gravis
Congenital myasthenia syndromes
Thymoma, follicular hyperplasia of the thymus and other abnormalities in myasthenia gravis
Chapter 6 Low-grade and intermediate-grade malignant epithelial tumors of the thymus: thymomas
Thymoma and other diseases
Thymoma and myasthenia gravis
Pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis in thymoma patients
Thymomas and other neurologic disorders
Thymoma and hematologic disorders
Thymoma and immune deficiency syndromes
Epstein-Barr virus infection and thymoma
Thymomas associated with skin diseases and autoimmune disorders
Thymoma and renal disorders
Thymoma and other neoplasms
Thymoma and bone disorders
Thymoma and endocrine disorders
Diagnosis of thymomas using imaging techniques
Detection of serum autoantibodies in thymoma patients with myasthenia gravis
Pathologic features of thymomas: gross pathology
Clinico-pathological classification of thymomas and other malignant epithelial neoplasms of the thymus
Low-grade malignant thymic epithelial neoplasms
Spindle cell thymoma (WHO A)
Lymphocyte-rich thymoma (WHO B1)
Lymphocyte-rich thymoma with spindle cells (WHO AB)
Lymphocyte-rich thymoma with atypia (WHO B2)
Intermediate-grade malignant thymic epithelial lesions
Spindle cell thymoma with atypia (not in 2004 WHO classification)
Lymphocyte-depleted thymoma with atypia (WHO B3)
Combined thymoma-thymic carcinoma
Thymoma with pseudosarcomatous stroma (WHO metaplastic thymoma)
Micronodular thymoma (WHO micronodular thymoma)
Rhabdomyomatous thymoma (not included in WHO)
Sclerosing thymoma (WHO sclerosing thymoma)
Thymoma with prominent glandular differentiation (not included in WHO)
Spindle cell thymoma with prominent papillary and pseudo-papillary features (not in WHO)
Lipofibroadenoma (WHO lipofibroadenoma)
Thymomas with ``monster´´ atypical cells (not in WHO)
Thymomas in myasthenia gravis patients
Degenerative changes in thymomas
Ultrastructural features of thymomas
Secretory activities of thymomas
Hormone receptors in thymomas
Analysis of nuclear DNA content in thymomas
Cytogenetic and molecular studies in thymomas
Diagnosis of malignant thymic epithelial lesions on small biopsy specimens
Clinico-pathological staging of patients with malignant thymic epithelial lesions
Treatment and prognosis of thymoma patients
Chapter 7 High-grade malignant epithelial tumors of the thymus: primary thymic carcinomas
Definitions, presentations, and etiologies for primary thymic carcinomas
Specific histologic forms of primary thymic carcinoma
Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus
Non-keratinizing squamous cell thymic carcinoma
Lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma
Adenosquamous and mucoepidermoid thymic carcinomas
Clear-cell carcinoma of the thymus
Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thymus
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the mediastinum
Sarcomatoid thymic carcinoma
Anaplastic carcinoma of the thymus
Rhabdoid thymic carcinoma
Mucinous carcinoma of the thymus
Micronodular lymphoid-rich thymic carcinoma
Thymic carcinomas arising from pre-existing lesions
Cytopathologic features of thymic carcinomas
Adjunctive pathological findings in thymic carcinomas
Differential diagnosis of thymic carcinomas
Metastatic mediastinal carcinomas
Germ-cell tumors and malignant lymphomas
Staging of thymic carcinomas
Management of thymic carcinomas
Chapter 8 Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the thymus
Classification of thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas
Thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas grades I and II
Typical and atypical carcinoid tumors
Histochemical and immunohistochemical features
Unusual variants of NEC grades I and II (typical and atypical carcinoid tumors)
Carcinoid with mucinous stroma
Neuroendocrine carcinoma grade III
Small cell carcinoma variant
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Treatment and prognosis of thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma grade III, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma variant
Neuroendocrine carcinoma with heterologous grades I-III features
Neuroendocrine carcinoma combined with other tumors
Carcinoid with sarcomatoid changes
Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma combined with thymoma
Goblet cell carcinoid combined with a mature teratoma
Carcinoid combined with a thymolipoma
Neuroendocrine carcinoma grade III of the thymus with other thymic carcinoma components
Chapter 9 Germ cell tumors of the mediastinum
Introduction and general features
Clinical features and diagnostic techniques
Theories regarding pathogenesis
Distribution of histologic subtypes of mediastinal germ cell tumors
Mediastinal germ cell tumors in postpubertal male patients
Mediastinal germ cell tumors in postpubertal female patients
Mediastinal germ cell tumors in prepubertal patients
Staging of mediastinal germ cell tumors
Teratomatous components in mixed germ cell tumors
Somatic-type malignancy of germ cell tumor origin
Sarcomatoid yolk sac tumor and sarcoma of germ cell tumor origin
Differential diagnosis and immunohistochemistry
Differential diagnosis and immunohistochemistry
Differential diagnosis and immunohistochemistry
Metastatic germ cell tumor to the mediastinum
Chapter 10 Parathyroid lesions, paragangliomas, thyroid tumors, and pleomorphic adenomas of the mediastinum
Parathyroid tumors of the mediastinum
Historical considerations
Histologic and cytological characteristics
Cytogenetic findings in parathyroid lesions
Mediastinal paragangliomas
Historical considerations
Histological characteristics
Composite paraganglioma-neuroblastoma
Genetic findings associated with paragangliomas
Ultrastructure of parathyroid and paraganglionic tumors
Immunohistology of parathyroid and paraganglionic tumors
Prognosis and therapy of mediastinal parathyroid and paraganglionic tumors
Intramediastinal thyroid neoplasms
Pleomorphic adenoma of the mediastinum
Chapter 11 Hematopoietic neoplasms of the mediastinum
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma
Gray zone having intermediate features between classical Hodgkin´s lymphoma and large cell non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (BL)
EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Primary effusion lymphoma
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas
Langerhan cell histiocytosis
Chapter 12 Cystic lesions of the mediastinum
Congenital cystic lesions
The thymus and parathyroid
Pleuropericardial membranes
Specific pathologic entities
Parathyroid cysts and unilocular thymic cysts
Acquired mediastinal cystic lesions
Infectious and post-inflammatory cystic lesions
Multilocular thymic cysts and secondary thymic cysts
Mullerian cysts of the posterior mediastinum
Primary cystic neoplasms of the mediastinum
Cystic change in predominantly ``solid´´ mediastinal neoplasms
Chapter 13 Mesenchymal tumors of the mediastinum
Tumors of peripheral nerve sheath differentiation
Schwannoma (neurilemmoma)
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Tumors of neuroectodermal tissue
Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) / extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) / primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)
Lymphatic/vascular tumors
Borderline and malignant vascular tumors
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
Fibroblastic, myofibroblastic and ``fibrohistiocytic´´ tumors
Desmoid-type fibromatosis
Fibrosarcoma and related lesions
Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma (previously included under malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH))
Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Tumors with osteochondroid differentiation
Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC)
Extraosseous osteosarcoma (EOS)
Other mediastinal soft tissue neoplasms
Solitary fibrous tumor-hemangiopericytoma
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Melanocytic and myomelanocytic tumors
Lymphangiomyoma/PEComa/angiomyolipoma
Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue
Sarcomatoid malignant melanoma
Sarcoma arising in germ cell neoplasms
Other mediastinal lesions
Soft tissue neoplasms of the thymus
Other thymic mesenchymal neoplasms
Differential diagnostic considerations and use of immunohistochemistry
Chapter 14 Tell me what you need, so I´ll know what to say
Strategy to approach to anterior mediastinal tumors
Making a clinical diagnosis
Specific differential diagnoses
More difficult situations
Chapter 15 Clinical pathology of disorders of the mediastinum
MG/Lambert-Eaton syndrome panel
Chapter 16 Surgical pathology of the heart
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy (RC)
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM)
Mitochondrial cardiomyopathies (MICs)
Löffler endocarditis (LE)/endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF)
Drug toxicity/hypersensitivity reactions
Normal anatomy of the valves
Gross examination and sectioning
Examination of different valves
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)
Aortic regurgitation (AR)
Mitral regurgitation (MR)
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
Mitral annular calcification (MAC)
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR)
Substitute cardiac valves
Ventricular assist devices
Chapter 17 Morphologic alterations of serous membranes of the mediastinum in reactive and neoplastic settings
Mesothelium: structure, function, repair
Both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics of mesothelial cells
Inflammatory/reactive lesions of the serosal membranes
Cystic lesions of the serosal membranes
Neoplastic lesions of the serosal membranes
Diffuse malignant mesothelioma
Localized malignant mesothelioma of the pleura, pericardium, and mediastinum
Other tumors of mesothelial origin (benign mesothelial tumors and mesothelial tumors of uncertain malignant potential) of the pleura and pericardium
Metastases to the pleura and pericardium
Pathology of the Mediastinum
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