Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy

Author: Patrick Moore; Robin Rees  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2014

E-ISBN: 9781139036788

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781107671652

Subject: P1 Astronomy

Keyword: 天文学

Language: ENG

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Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy

Description

Packed with up-to-date astronomical data about the Solar System, our Galaxy and the wider Universe, this is a one-stop reference for astronomers of all levels. It gives the names, positions, sizes and other key facts of all the planets and their satellites; discusses the Sun in depth, from sunspots to solar eclipses; lists the dates for cometary returns, close-approach asteroids, and significant meteor showers; and includes 88 star charts, with the names, positions, magnitudes and spectra of the stars, along with key data on nebulae and clusters. Full of facts and figures, this is the only book you need to look up data about astronomy. It is destined to become the standard reference for everyone interested in astronomy.

Chapter

Occultations

The future of the moon

ENDNOTE

4 • Mercury

Vulcan

Early observations

Transits of mercury

Occultations and conjunctions

Maps of mercury

Axial rotation

Space-craft to mercury

Surface evolution

The atmosphere of mercury

Mercury

Magnetic field

Composition of mercury

Satellite?

5 • Venus

Movements

Transits

Occultations

Telescopic observations

The ashen light

Rotation period

Atmosphere

Space-craft to venus

Surface features

The interior of venus

Satellite?

Life on venus?

6 • Earth

Structure of the earth

Age of the earth

History of the earth

Atmosphere

Climatic variations

Magnetic field

Magnetosphere

Future of the earth

7 • Mars

The martian seasons

Telescopic observations

Nomenclature

The canals

Communicating with mars

Earth-based observations, pre-1964

Early space missions to mars

The mariners

The atmosphere of mars

Martian aircraft?

Topography of mars: the polar caps

Basins, valleys and volcanoes

Surface evolution

Internal structure

The search for life

Viking landers

Pathfinder and sojourner

Mars global surveyor

Less successful missions

Twenty-first century missions

Mars reconnaisance orbiter

Phoenix

The continuing search for life; meteorites from mars

Meteorites on mars

Martian meteors

The satellites of mars

Planetary transits visible from mars

Martian trojans

Manned flight to mars?

ENDNOTE

8 • Minor members of the Solar System

Discovery

Nomenclature

Asteroid orbits

Comet/Asteroid Orbits

Classification of asteroids

C (carbonaceous)

S (silicaceous)

M (metallic)

Asteroid families

Main belt asteroids

Ceres

Pallas

Juno

Vesta

Lutetia

Themis

Other Main Belt asteroids

Inner asteroids

Vulcanoids

Asteroid diameters and absolute magnitudes

Apohele class

Aten class

Near-Earth asteroids

Asteroid impacts

Asteroids closer in than the Main Belt

Space missions to asteroids

Asteroid satellites

Jupiter Trojans

Asteroids further out than the main belt

Centaurs

Damocloids

Cometary asteroids

P/2010 A2 (LINEAR)

Other asteroid belts?

9 • Jupiter

Movements

Occultations and conjunctions

Early observations

Belts and zones

The Great Red Spot

The ovals

The South Tropical Disturbance

Internal structure of Jupiter

Comet collision, 1994

The Galileo entry probe

Lightning and auroræ

Radio emissions and Magnetosphere

Comet or asteroid collision, 2009

The rings of Jupiter

Space-craft to Jupiter

Satellites

The small inner satellites

Metis

Adrastea

Amalthea

Thebe

The Galilean satellites

Io

Europa

Ganymede

Callisto

The small outer satellites

ENDNOTE

10 • Saturn

Movements

Early records

Observations of the globe

Composition of Saturn

Atmosphere and clouds

Magnetic field and auroræ

Rings

Details of the rings

Ring D

Ring C

Ring B

The Cassini Division

Ring A

Roche Division

Ring F

Janus-Epimetheus Ring

Ring G

Pallene Ring

Ring E

Phœbe Ring

Why are the rings so complex?

Space missions to Saturn

The satellites of Saturn

The small inner satellites

Pan

Atlas

Prometheus and Pandora

Janus and Epimetheus

Main region of satellites: Mimas to Iapetus

Mimas

The Alcyondes

Enceladus

Telesto and Calypso

Helene and Polydeuces

Rhea

Titan

Hyperion

Iapetus

The outer satellites

Phœbe

11 • Uranus

Movements

Early observations

Discovery and naming

Diameter and rotation

Surface markings from Earth

Voyager 2

Constitution of Uranus

Atmosphere

Magnetic field

The rings

Satellites

The small inner satellites

Cordelia

Ophelia

Bianca

Cressida

Desdemona

Juliet

Portia

Rosalind

Cupid

Belinda

Perdita

Puck

Mab

The major satellites

Miranda

Ariel

Umbriel

Titania

Oberon

The outer satellites

The view from Uranus

12 • Neptune

Movements

Early observations

Discovery

Naming

Physical characteristics

Voyager 2 at Neptune

Interior of neptune

Atmosphere

Spots and clouds

Magnetic field

Neptunes rings

Satellites

Triton

Nereid

Minor satellites

III Naiad

IV Thalassa

V Despina

VI Galatea

Larissa

VIII Proteus

IX Halimede

XI Sao

XII Laomedia

X Psamathe

XIII Neso

Neptune Trojans

ENDNOTE

13 • Beyond Neptune: the Kuiper Belt

The discovery of Pluto

The hunt for a trans-Neptunian planet

Discovery of Charon

Nix and Hydra

Internal structure

Surface features

Mutual phenomena

Atmosphere

Illumination on Pluto

Status of Pluto

Planet X?

Types of trans-Neptunians

The selected list in Table 13.5

Cubewanos

15760 1992 QB1

19521 Chaos

20000 Varuna

50000 Quaoar

53311 Deucalion

58534 Logos

66652 Borasisi

88611 Teharonhiawako

136108 Haumea

136472 Makemake

148780 Altjira

2005 UQ 513

Plutinos

28978 Ixion

38628 Huya

38083 Rhadamanthus

90482 Orcus

134340 Pluto

Scattered disc objects

90377 Sedna

136199 Eris

2006 SQ372

The Oort Cloud

14 • Comets

Comet panics

The nature of comets

Comet nomenclature

The structure of comets

Short-period comets

P/2 Encke

P/4 Faye

P/6 DArrest

P/7 Pons-Winnecke

P/8 Tuttle

P/9 Tempel 1

P/17 Holmes

P/21 Giacobini-Zinner

P/26 Grigg-Skjellerup

P/27 Crommelin

P/29 Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

P/35 Herschel-Rigollet

P/67 Churyumov-Gerasimenko (`Chury´)

P/73 Schwassmann-Wachmann 3

P/109 Swift-Tuttle

P/114 Wiseman-Skiff

P/103 Hartley 2

P/153 Ikeya-Zhang

P/177 Barnard 2

Lost comets

Halleys Comet

Space missions to comets

Other cometary missions

Brilliant comets

The twentieth century

The twenty-first century

Sun-grazing comets

The origin of comets

15 • Meteors

Early theories

Nature of meteors

Meteor radiants

Meteor showers

Extra-terrestrial meteors

Meteor sounds?

Danger from Meteors?

16 • Meteorites

Nature of meteorites: early ideas

Classification of meteorites

Chicxulub impact

Large meteorites

British meteorite falls

Brilliant fireballs

The Tunguska fall

The Carancas fall

The Ontario fall

Impact craters

Meteorite-Hunting

Micrometeorites

Tektites

17 • Glows and atmospheric effects

Auroræ

Legends and folklore

Auroræ and the Sun

Auroræ and sunspots

Auroral ovals

Altitudes

Form and brilliance

Auroral noise

Auroræ on other planets

Other atmospheric phenomena

Glows in the Sky

Sundogs

The Green Flash (or Green Ray)

Airglow

The Zodiacal Light

The Gegenschein

The Zodiacal Band

Cosmic dust

18 • The Stars

Distances of the stars

Stellar motions

Stars of the first magnitude

19 • Stellar spectra and evolution

Stellar evolution

Star birth

(1) Stars with mass below 0.08 that of the Sun, or 80 times that of Jupiter

(2) Low-mass stars

(3) Stars more than 1.4 times as massive as the Sun

Neutron stars

Magnetars and black holes

Pulsars

Black holes

(4) Stars too massive initially to form neutron stars

Observed evolution?

20 • Extra-solar planets

Pulsar planets?

Visual sighting

Notable systems

The Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence

(N*) represents the number of stars in the Milky Way Galaxy

(fp) is the fraction of stars that have planets around them

(ne) is the number of planets per star that are capable of sustaining life

(fl) is the fraction of planets in ne where life evolves

(fi) is the fraction of fi where intelligent life evolves

(fc) is the fraction of fi that communicate

(fL) is fraction of the planets life during which the communicating civilisations live

21 • Double stars

Early observations

Double-star catalogues

Binary systems

Origin of binary systems

Eclipsing binaries

Famous doubles

22 • Variable stars

Early identifications

Eclipsing binaries

Algol (EA) type

beta Lyræ (EB) type

W Ursæ Majoris (EW) type

Very long-period eclipsing binaries

Intrinsic variables

Mira variables

Semi-regular variables (SR)

Cepheids

delta Scuti variables

beta Cephei variables

Cygni (ACYG) variables

ZZ Ceti (ZZ) variables

W Virginis (CW) stars

RR Lyræ (RR) variables

RV Tauri (RV) variables

PV Telescopii

Eruptive variables

FUors (FU)

Flare stars: UV Ceti (UV)type

T Tauri variables

RS Canum Venaticorum (RS) variables

R Coronæ Borealis (RCB) variables

Wolf-Rayet stars (W)

S Doradûs (SDOR) variables

gamma Cassiopeæ (GCAS) variables

Slow irregular variables

Rotating variables

α2 Canum Venaticorum (ACV) stars

BY Draconis (BY) stars

Ellipsoidal (ELL) variables

FK Comæ (FKCom) variables

SX Arietis (SXARI) variables

Symbiotic variables

Reflection (R) binaries

Some remarkable variables

eta Carinæ

rho Cassiopeiæ

P Cygni

V838 Monocerotis

Cataclysmic variables

Novæ

Dwarf novæ

X-ray novæ

GAMMA-RAY NOVa

Supernovæ

Supernova remnants

Pair-Instability supernoæ

Confirmed galactic supernovæ

The Veil Nebula

The Vela SNR

SN 185

SN 1006, the Lupus supernova

The Crab Nebula, M 1

SN 1181

Tychos Star, SN 1572 (B Cassiopeiæ)

Keplers Star, SNR 1604

Cassiopeia A

Supernovæ in the Local Group

Hypernovæ

23 • Stellar clusters

Open clusters

Celebrated open clusters

The Pleiades (M 45, in Taurus)

The Hyades

Præsepe (Latin for `Manger´; M 44 and NGC 2632)

M 67

The Wild Duck Cluster (M 11, NGC 6705)

The Jewel Box (NGC 4755, C 94)

Stellar associations

Globular clusters

ENDNOTE

24 • Nebulæ

Planetary nebulæ

Diffuse nebulæ

Dark nebulæ

25 • The Milky Way Galaxy

Path of the Milky Way

Age and form

The galactic centre

Satellites of the galaxy

The future of the Galaxy

26 • Galaxies

Galaxy Zoo

Colliding galaxies

Active galaxies

Starburst galaxies

Seyfert galaxies

Blazars

Radio galaxies

Quasars

BL Lacertæ objects (BL Lacs)

Luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs)

Gravitational lensing

Expansion of the universe

Some notable galaxies

27 • Evolution of the universe

Timescale

Modern cosmology

Expansion, inflation and acceleration

Alternative theories

Epilogue

28 • The constellations

Asterisms

29 • The star catalogue

Andromeda

Antlia

Apus

Aquarius

Aquila

Ara

Double star

Aries

Auriga (the Charioteer)

Boötes

Cælum

Camelopardus (or Camelopardalis)

Cancer

Canes Venatici

Canis Major

Canis Minor

Capricornus

Carina

Cassiopeia

Centaurus

Cepheus

Cetus

Chamæleon

Circinus

Columba

Coma Berenices

Corona Australis

Corona Borealis

Corvus

Crater

Crux Australis

Cygnus

Delphinus

Dorado

Draco

Equuleus

Eridanus

Fornax

Gemini

Grus

Hercules

Horologium

30 • Telescopes and observatories

Observatories

Telescopes

History

Space telescopes

Planetaria

31 • Non-optical astronomy

Cosmic-ray astronomy

Gamma-ray astronomy

X-ray astronomy

Ultraviolet astronomy

Infrared astronomy

Microwave astronomy

Radio astronomy

32 • The history of astronomy

History of space research

33 • Astronomers

34 • Glossary

Index

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