The Transplant Patient :Biological, Psychiatric and Ethical Issues in Organ Transplantation

Publication subTitle :Biological, Psychiatric and Ethical Issues in Organ Transplantation

Author: Paula T. Trzepacz; Andrea F. DiMartini  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2000

E-ISBN: 9780511038051

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521553544

Subject: R74 Neurology and Psychiatry

Keyword: 神经病学与精神病学

Language: ENG

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The Transplant Patient

Description

Organ transplantation is an essential element of treatment for a wide range of diseases, but despite increasing surgical success rates there remain many other issues affecting selection of patients and clinical outcome with which clinicians and patients themselves must be familiar. Originally published in 2000, this book reviews psychosocial, psychiatric and ethical aspects of organ transplantation in a uniquely authoritative way. Drawing heavily on the pioneering work of the Pittsburgh transplant team, it surveys the essentials of transplantation biology before engaging with a range of topics fundamental to the success of the procedure and the quality of life of recipients and donors alike. The interdisciplinary approach and the authority of the contributors will make this book of value to anyone with an interest in organ transplantation procedures.

Chapter

2 Psychosocial screening and selection of candidates for organ transplantation

Overview

Patient selection – medical issues

Rationale for psychosocial screening

Characteristics of psychosocial screening

Evaluation process

Selection criteria

Refusal rates

Instruments for psychosocial screening

Standardized psychological tests in transplant patient evaluation

Screening and the Americans with Disabilities Act

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

3 Psychosocial issues in living organ donation

Introduction

Predonation psychosocial issues

Donor motives

Donor decision-making

Donor ambivalence

Postdonation physical and psychosocial issues

Kidney donation outcomes

Bone marrow donation outcomes

Liver donation outcomes

Conclusions and future research directions

References

4 Quality of life in organ transplantation: effects on adult recipients and their families

Introduction

Quality of life and its measurement

QOL studies included in the present review

A general summary of recipient QOL studies

Does QOL improve from pre- to post-transplantation?

Is QOL in transplant recipients better than QOL in other similarly ill patient comparison samples?

Is QOL in transplant recipients similar to or better than QOL in healthy samples?

Methodologic issues affecting study results

What effect does transplantation have on the QOL of recipients’ families?

Perceived burdens of the transplantation experience on family members

Quality of life in transplant recipients’ family members

General summary and conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

5 Quality of life of geriatric patients following transplantation: short- and long-term outcomes

Introduction

Quality of life of geriatric patients following transplantation

Cardiac transplantation

Lung transplantation

Liver transplantation

Renal transplantation

Summary and Conclusions

References

6 Cognitive assessment in organ transplantation

Introduction

Procedure for conducting a cognitive assessment

Screening

Comprehensive assessment

Standardized battery

Specialized battery

Combined standardized and specialized batteries

Modality-specific evaluation

Cognition in relation to psychopathology

Alcohol and drug abuse effects on cognition

Neurodevelopmental disorder

Neurologic disease effects on cognition

Iatrogenic effects on cognition

Motivation effects on cognition

Malingering and deception

General physical fitness and cognition

Cognitive capacity and cognitive style

Functional organization of the cortex

Organ–system interactions

Cognitive deficit in patients presenting for organ transplantation

Intelligence

Attention and concentration

Memory

Language

Perception

Abstracting

Psychomotor integration

Academic achievement

Ecologically valid neuropsychologic assessment

Computer interactive evaluation

Neuropsychologic change associated with organ transplantation

Cognition and development

Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

7 Pharmacologic issues in organ transplantation: psychopharmacology and neuropsychiatric medication side effects

Introduction

General issues in organ insufficiency

Absorption

Hepatic drug metabolism

Hepatic isozymes

Neuropsychiatric issues with immunosuppressants

Cyclosporine

FK506

OKT3

Corticosteroids

Azathioprine

Cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil)

Neuropsychiatric issues with antiinfections agents

Antivirals

Acyclovir

DHPG (ganciclovir)

Alpha-interferon

Antifungals

Amphotericin

Metronidazole

Ketoconazole

Antibiotics

Penicillins and cephalosporins

Quinolones

Aminoglycosides

References

8 Alcoholism and organ transplantation

Epidemiology

Pretransplantation issues

Pretransplant survival

Selection for transplantation

Ethics and policies

Liver transplantation selection criteria and pre-transplantation length of sobriety requirements

Heart transplantation selection criteria

Candidate selection instruments

Post-transplantation issues

Post-transplantation outcome and survival

Liver transplantation – post-OLTX survival

Defining relapse in post-OLTX alcoholic cirrhotics

Monitoring post-OLTX alcohol use for alcoholic cirrhotics

Predictors of post-OLTX alcohol use

Post-transplant alcohol-related morbidity and mortality

Heart transplantation

Heart transplant alcohol-related morbidity and mortality

Summary

References

9 Ethics and images in organ transplantation

Introduction

The justification for transplantation

Is the donor really dead?

Donors whose life is not-life

Living healthy donors

The organ market

Social justice and organ transplantation

Dangerous donors

Xenotransplantation

Images and ethical problems

The idea of a gift

References

10 Psychoneuroimmunology and organ transplantation: theory and practice

Introduction

Immunity and the mind

Psychoneuroimmune communication

Behavioral aspects of psychoimmune interaction

Stress and immunity

Psychiatric disorders and immunity

Endocrine regulators of immunity

Neuropharmacology and allograft rejection

Clinical effects of psychotropic medications in the transplant patient population

Neuroleptic agents

Benzodiazepines

Antidepressants

Lithium carbonate

Summary

References

11 Pediatric transplantation

Introduction

Epidemiology

The family

Development

Responses of staff

Clinical applications

Pretransplantation evaluation

Waiting

Transplantation hospitalization

Post-transplant follow-up

Summary

References

12 Current trends and new developments in transplantation

Introduction

Possible solutions to improving organ donation

Increased public awareness

Use of minority requesters for donor recruitment

Widening organ donor criteria

Use of nonheart beating donors

The use of non-related living donors

Presumed consent

Financial incentives to potential organ donor families

Xenotransplantation

New immunosuppressive agents

FK506

RS-61443

Rapamycin

Brequinar sodium

15-Deoxyspergualin

Organ transplantation

Intestinal transplantation

Pancreas and islet cell transplantation

Central themes in transplantation

Tolerance induction

Chimerism

References

Index

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