Cover

Title

Copyright

Contents

List of contributors

Preface

Introduction. Controversies andcontinuities in race and ethnicrelations theory

The nature of theory

The problem of origins

Race and class

A special theory?

Scholarship and politics

Individualism

Conclusion

NOTES

1 Intersecting strands in the theorisation of race and ethnic relations

The need to clarify our concepts

The sources of ethnic strength

Racial and ethnic divisions and discrimination

Conclusion

2 Epistemological assumptions in the study of racial differentiation

Cox's dissent

Two epistemologies

Fact and value

Appearance as a boundary sign

Historical and positive knowledge

A comparison

Conclusion

NOTE

3 The role of class analysis in the study of race relations - a Weberian perspective

Four theoretical encounters with the field of race relations

(a) Conceptualising race relations in South Africa

(b) The plural society debate

(c) Defining racism

(d) Colonial immigrants and metropolitan societies

Class theory and race relations theory

Race relations theory and the world and imperial systems

The limitations of class analysis

Methodological individualism and the explication of group concepts

NOTE

4 Varieties of Marxist conceptions of 'race', class and the state: a critical analysis

1. Introduction

2. Origins and foundations

3. Neo-Marxist approaches to 'race', class and the state

(a) Relative autonomy model

(b) Autonomy model

(c) Migrant labour model

4. A critique and an alternative framework

5. Conclusion

NOTES

5 Class concepts, class struggle and racism

Introduction

The reductionism of race relations theory

Class reductionism

A non-reductionist Marxist conception of class

Capitalism, class struggle and race

NOTES

6 A political analysis of local struggles for racial equality

I Introduction

II Local politics and struggles for racial equality in Liverpool and Wolverhampton

(1) The process of marginalisation

(i) Marginalisation through consultation

(ii) Anti-racism as extremism

(iii) Funding cultural initiatives

(2) Conditions which serve to marginalise anti-racist forces

(i) Local political ideologies

(ii) Legislation and central policy initiatives

(iii) Local bureaucratic control of policy-making and administration

(iv) Financial constraints inhibiting redistribution

(3) Forms of anti-racist struggle

(i) 'Riots' as an issue in local politics

(ii) Pressure for community resources

(iii) Planned political struggle: challenging local policy and the policy-making framework

(a) Redefining the problem

(b) Building alliances

(c) Breaking down resistance

(d) Using central initiatives in support of anti-racist struggles

(e) Lobbying local politicians and officials

III Conclusions

NOTES

7 Ethnicity and Third World development: political and academic contexts

'International' and 'Third World' politico-academic contexts

Development and the state in the Third World

Ethnicity, the state and development: some current debates

The analytic agenda in the Third World politico-academic context: some useful directions

Ethnicity and the structures of political control

The contextualisation of ethnic saliences

NOTES

8 Social anthropological models of inter-ethnic relations

Social anthropology and boundary maintenance2

From tribe to ethnic group

From colony to plural society

Redrawing the boundaries

NOTES

9 Pluralism, race and ethnicity in selected African countries

Introduction

Race and ethnicity

Pluralism

The argument

The political record

Social composition

Race

Ethnicity

Collective relations

Modes of incorporation

Conclusion

NOTES

10 Ethnicity and the boundary process in context

Introduction

The view from anthropology

Ethnicity and race

Boundary processes

Process and structure

Practical limitations

Context and comparison

Local boundary systems

Network effect

Conclusion

NOTE

11 Ethnicity and the sociobiology debate

NOTES

12 Rational choice theory and the study of race and ethnic relations

1

2

3

4

NOTES

13 The 'Chicago School' of American sociology, symbolic interactionism, and race relations theory

Introduction

The perspective and method of symbolic interactionism

Contributions to the sociology of race relations

1. 'Race prejudice as a sense of group position' and 'the process of collective definitions'

2. Group status and self esteem

3. 'The urban community as a spatial pattern and a moral order': physical spaces, social distances and culture-building

Discussion of dissension

New inputs, new directions

NOTES

14 The operationalisation of identity theory in racial and ethnicrelations

Identity structure analysis

Identity concerns of the superordinate community

Identity concerns of subordinate communities

Dual linguistic-personality systems in bilinguals

A meta-theoretical framework for the operationalisation of identity theory

Application of ISA to Belfast sectarianism

Theory building using ISA

Conclusion

NOTES

APPENDIX A

Definitions of theoretical concepts used in determining parameters or indices of identity development using the IDEX computer program

3.1 Definition of identity

3.2 Positive and negative role models, and positive and negative reference groups

3.3 Identification with another or with a group

A. Empathetic identification

B. Role model identification

3.4 Identification conflicts and overall identity diffusion

3.5 Evaluation of others and self-esteem

3.6 Ego-involvement with entities

3.7 Ambivalence and ego-ambivalence towards an entity

3.8 Structural pressure on constructs (consistency or stability of their evaluative connotations)

3.9 Splitting in construal of entities

Bibliography

Index