Cover

Half-title

Title

Copyright

Contents

List of contributors

Preface

1 Global change and plant water relations

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CO2

ACCLIMATED RESPONSES TO ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATION

EFFECTS ON WATER RELATIONS AT STAND SCALE

REFERENCES

2 Cavitation. A review: past, present and future

SUMMARY

AUDIO DETECTION OF CAVITATION

FACTORS INDUCING CAVITATION

ULTRASONIC AND AUDIO TECHNIQUES

THE MECHANISM OF CAVITATION

THE INTRODUCTION OF EMBOU INTO CONDUITS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

3 Effect of cavitation on the status of water in plants

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

DEVELOPMENT OF NEGATIVE TURGOR PRESSURES

CONSEQUENCES OF NEGATIVE TURGOR PRESSURE

EFFECTS OF CAVITATION IN THE XYLEM

EFFECT OF CAVITATION IN LIVING CELLS

DEMONSTRATION OF THE GAIN IN WATER POTENTIAL

REFERENCES

4 Stomatal control of xylem cavitation

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

THEORY AND ASSUMPTIONS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

5 Refilling of embolized xylem

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

POSSIBLE INTERPRETATIONS OF THESE DATA

1. Declining water content

2. Increasing water content

CAVITATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

REFERENCES

6 Interpretation of the dynamics of plant water potential

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

7 A proposed mechanism of freezing and thawing in conifer xylem

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

PROPOSED MECHANISM OF FREEZING AND THAWING

Freezing

Thawing

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

8 Winter xylem embolism and spring recovery in Betula cordifolia, Fagus grandifolia, Abies balsamea and Picea rubens

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Measurement of embolism

Measurement of positive xylem pressures

RESULTS

Deciduous species

Conifer species

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

9 Drought resistance strategies and vulnerability to cavitation of some Mediterranean sclerophyllous trees

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Water relations parameters

Xylem cavitation and embolism measurements

Anatomical measurements

Rehydration experiments

RESULTS

Anatomy of the leaf petiole

10 Relations between sap velocity and cavitation in broad-leaved trees

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

11 NMR and water transport in plants

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

FUNDAMENTALS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

SHORT DISTANCE TRANSPORT OF WATER

LONG DISTANCE TRANSPORT OF WATER

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF WATER IN PLANTS

REFERENCES

12 The symplast radial-axial water transport in plants: a NMR approach

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

13 Reproductive adaptation by polyembryony of coniferous forest trees under climatic stress as revealed by the metabolism of tritiated water

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE DETERMINES THE RELEASE OF POLLEN AND LEADS TO INTROGRESSION

CLIMATIC AND CULTURAL EFFECTS ON POLYEMBRYONY

BIOREACTOR SCALE-UP OF EMBR YONAL-SUSPENSOR MASSES USING CLIMATIC VARIABLES AND SPECIFIC SEED SOURCES

METABOLISM OF TRITIATED WATER AND THE PROEMBRYONAL CELL CYCLE

FUTURE CLIMATIC CHANGE AND POLYEMBRYONY

LIMITS ON ADAPTATION EVOLUTION

POLYEMBRYONY IN ZYGOTIC, CLONAL AND FAMILY FORESTRY

REFERENCES

14 A heat balance method for measuring sap flow in small trees

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

15 Heat pulse measurements on beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in relation to weather conditions

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

16 Extremely fast changes of xylem water flow rate in tall trees caused by atmospheric, soil and mechanic factors

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

17 Water relations and water transport in coppice vs. single stem Quercus cerris L. trees

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

18 Environmental control of water flux through Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait).

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Experimental site

Sap flow measurements and hydraulic conductance estimation

Estimation of surface conductance

Seasonal course of daily sap flow and transpiration of pines

Water relations

Variations in sap flow

Surface conductance modelling

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

19 Evaluation of transpiration of apple trees and measurement of daily course of water flow within the main branches of walnut trees

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

Principles of the heat balance method

Estimation of the water use of apple trees in an orchard

Water movements in the trees

REFERENCES

20 Estimating citrus orchard canopy resistance from measurements of actual and potential transpiration

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

21 Stomatal conductance in tomato responds to air humidity

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

22 Water relations of Canarian laurel forest trees

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

23 Watering regime and photosynthetic performance of Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirbel.

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

24 Water relations and ultrasound emissions in Douglas-fir seedlings infected with xylem pathogens

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

25 Diurnal fruit shrinkage: a model

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Experimental site and plant material

Treatments

Measurements

RESULTS

Diurnal trend of water potential

Diurnal trend of diameter changes

Effect of growth rate on duration of shrinkage

Fruit transpiration

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

26 Analysis of pressure-volume curves by non-linear regression

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

27 Determination of the amount of apoplastic water and other water relations parameters in conifer needles

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Pressure-volume analysis

Capillary microcryoscopy of the needle press sap

The microcryoscope

Measurement procedures

Calculation of the osmotic pressure

Determination of the apoplastic (Wan) and the symplastic water (WOJ aswell as the bulk osmotic pressure (non) of the needles of a single shoot

RESULTS

Apoplastic water

Bulk osmotic pressure

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

28 The assessment of water status in chilled plants

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

AKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

29 An artificial osmotic cell: a model system for studying phenomena of negative pressure and for determining concentrations of solutes

INTRODUCTION

MATERIAL AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

30 Measurement of water and solute uptake into excised roots at positive and negative root pressures

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCESHeydt,

Index