Chapter
2.1 Graphical interface basics
2.2 Steady flows – versatile capabilities
2.2.1 Concentric Newtonian annular flow
2.2.2 Concentric Newtonian flow on coarse mesh
2.2.3 Coarse mesh Newtonian flow with cuttings bed and washout
2.2.4 Eccentricity effects, pressure gradient fixed
2.2.4.1 Eccentricity = 0.000 for annulus
2.2.4.2 Eccentricity = 0.333 for annulus
2.2.4.3 Eccentricity = 0.500 for annulus
2.2.4.4 Eccentricity = 0.667 for annulus
2.2.4.5 Eccentricity = 0.833 for annulus
2.2.5 Eccentricity = 0.833 for annulus, volume flow rate specified
2.2.6 Eccentricity = 0.833 for annulus, pressure gradient specified, yield stress allowed
2.2.7 Non-Newtonian effects pressure gradient versus flow rate curve, no yield stress
2.2.8 Non-Newtonian effects, pressure gradient versus flow rate curve, non-zero yield stress
2.2.9 Power law fluid in eccentric annulus, effect of pipe or casing speed
2.2.10 Steady-state swab-surge in eccentric annuli for Power law fluids with and without circulation (no rotation)
2.2.11 Steady-state swab-surge in concentric annuli for Power law fluids with drillpipe rotation but small pipe movement
2.2.12 Steady-state swab-surge in eccentric annuli for Herschel-Bulkley fluids with drillpipe rotation and axial movement
2.2.13 Transient swab-surge on a steady-state basis
2.2.14 Equivalent circulating density (ECD) calculations
3 Transient Single-Phase Flows
3.1 Validation runs, three different approaches to steady, Power law, non-rotating, concentric annular flow
3.2 Validation run for transient, Newtonian, non-rotating, concentric annular flow
3.3 Validation run for transient, Newtonian, non-rotating, eccentric annular flow
3.4 effect of steady rotation for laminar Power law flows in concentric annuli
3.5 effect of steady-state rotation for Newtonian fluid flow in eccentric annuli
3.6 effect of steady rotation for Power law flows in highly eccentric annuli at low densities (foams)
3.7 effect of steady rotation for Power law flows in highly eccentric annuli at high densities (heavy muds)
3.8 effect of mud pump ramp-up and ramp-down flow rate under non-rotating and rotating conditions
3.9 effect of rotational and azimuthal start-up
3.10 effect of axial drillstring movement
3.11 Combined rotation and sinusoidal reciprocation
3.12 Combined rotation and sinusoidal reciprocation in presence of mud pump flow rate ramp-up for yield stress fluid
4 Transient Multiphase Flows
4.1 Single fluid in pipe and borehole system – calculating total pressure drops for general non-Newtonian fluids
4.2 Interface tracking and total pressure drop for multiple fluids pumped in drillpipe and eccentric borehole system
4.3 Calculating annular and drillpipe pressure loss
4.4 Herschel-Bulkley pipe flow analysis
4.5 Transient, three-dimensional, eccentric multiphase flow analysis for non-rotating Newtonian fluids
4.6 Transient, 3D, eccentric multiphase analysis for non-rotating Newtonian fluids – simulator description
4.7 Transient, 3D, eccentric multiphase analysis for general rotating non-Newtonian fluids – simulator description
4.8 Transient, 3D, eccentric, multiphase analysis for general rotating non-Newtonian fluids with axial pipe movement – Validation runs for completely stationary pipe
4.9 Transient, 3D, concentric, multiphase analysis for rotating Power law fluids without axial pipe movement
4.10 Transient, 3D, eccentric, multiphase analysis for general rotating non-Newtonian fluids with axial pipe movement – Validation runs for constant rate rotation and translation
5 Mudcake Formation in Single-Phase Flow
5.1 Flows with moving boundaries – four basic problems
5.1.1 Linear mudcake buildup on filter paper
5.1.2 Plug flow of two liquids in linear core without cake
5.1.3 Simultaneous mudcake buildup and filtrate invasion in a linear core (liquid flows)
5.1.4 Simultaneous mudcake buildup and filtrate invasion in a radial geometry (liquid flows)
5.2 Characterizing mud and mudcake properties
5.2.1 Simple extrapolation of mudcake properties
5.2.2 Radial mudcake growth on cylindrical filter paper
5.3 Complex invasion problems – numerical modeling
5.3.1 Finite difference modeling
5.3.2 Invasion and mudcake growth examples
5.3.2.1 Lineal liquid displacement without mudcake
5.3.2.2 Cylindrical radial liquid displacement without cake
5.3.2.3 Spherical radial liquid displacement without cake
5.3.2.4 Simultaneous mudcake buildup and displacement front motion for incompressible liquid flows
6 Mudcake Growth for Multiphase Flow
6.1 Physical problem description
6.2 Overview physics and simulation capabilities
6.2.1 Example 1, Single probe, infinite anisotropic media
6.2.2 Example 2, Single probe, three layer medium
6.2.3 Example 3, Dual probe pumping, three layer medium
6.2.4 Example 4, Straddle packer pumping
6.3 Model and user interface notes
6.4 Detailed applications
6.4.1 Run No. 1, Clean-up, single-probe, uniform medium
6.4.2 Run No. 2, A low-permeability “supercharging” example
6.4.3 Run No. 3, A three-layer simulation
7 Pore Pressure in Higher Mobility Formations
7.1 Forward and inverse modeling approaches
7.2.1 Qualitative effects of storage and skin
7.2.2 The simplest inverse model – steady pressure drop for arbitrary dip angles
7. 3 Inverse examples – dip angle, multivalued solutions and skin
7.3.1 Forward model FT-00
7.3.2 Inverse model FT-01 – multivalued solutions
7.3.3 Effects of dip angle – detailed calculations
7.3.4 Pulse interaction method – an introduction
8 Pore Pressure Prediction in Low Mobility or Tight Formations
8.1 Low permeability pulse interference testing – nonzero skin
8.2 Low permeability pulse interference testing – zero skin
8.3 Formation Testing While Drilling (FTWD)
8.3.1 Pressure transient drawdown-buildup approach
8.3.2 Interpretation in low mobility, high flowline storage environments
8.3.3 Multiple pretests, modeling and interpretation
8.3.4 Reverse flow injection processes
8.3.4.1 Conventional fluid withdrawal, drawdown-then-buildup
8.3.4.2 Reverse flow injection process, buildup-then-drawdown
Modern Borehole Analytics
：Annular Flow, Hole Cleaning, and Pressure Control
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