Chapter
1.3.3 New Targets?/Drug Repurposing
Chapter 2 Molecular Targets of Clinically Relevant Natural Products from Filamentous Marine Cyanobacteria
2.2 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
2.3 Proteasome Inhibitors
2.4.1 Serine Protease Inhibitors
2.4.2 Falcipain Inhibitors
2.4.3 Cathepsin Inhibitors
2.4.4 β‐Secretase 1 (BACE1) Inhibitors
2.5 Protein Kinase C Modulators
2.6 Interference of the Actin and Microtubule Filaments
2.7 Sec61 Protein Translocation Channel Inhibitors
2.8 Prohibitin Inhibitors
2.9 Sodium Channels Modulators
Chapter 3 Natural Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors with Antihypertensive Properties
3.2 Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Regulation
3.2.1 Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
3.3 The Treatment of Hypertension
3.3.1 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
3.4 Natural Products as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
3.4.2 Protein Derived Peptides
Chapter 4 Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors of Marine Origin
4.1 Relevance of Marine Organisms
4.3 Marine Molecules as PLA2 Inhibitors
4.3.1 Sponge‐Derived Metabolites
4.3.2 Metabolites from Other Organisms
Chapter 5 β-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors from Natural Products
5.2.1 Flavones, Flavonols and Flavone Glycosides
5.4 Phenolic Acids and Tannins
5.4.3 Simple Phenol Derivatives and Polyphenols
5.5 Stilbenes and Derivatives
5.7 Benzoquinones and Anthraquinones
5.12 Saccharides, Peptides and Amino Acid Derivatives
5.13 BACE1 Inhibitory Active Extracts of Natural Products
5.14 Bioassays for the Discovery of BACE1 Inhibitors
Chapter 6 Hypoglycaemic Effects of Plants Food Constituents via Inhibition of Carbohydrate-Hydrolysing Enzymes: From Chemistry to Future Applications
6.4 Hypoglycaemic Natural Compounds
6.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective
Chapter 7 Natural Products Targeting Clinically Relevant Enzymes of Eicosanoid Biosynthesis Implicated in Inflammation and Cancer
7.2 Eicosanoid Biosynthetic Pathways
7.2.4 Cytochrome P450 (CYP)‐dependent Monooxygenases
7.3 Eicosanoid Biosynthetic Pathways in Inflammation and Cancer
7.3.1 Role of PLA2s in Inflammation and Cancer
7.3.2 Role of COXs in Inflammation and Cancer
7.3.3 Role of LOXs in Inflammation and Cancer
7.3.4 Role of CYP‐dependent Monooxygenases in Inflammation and Cancer
7.4 Natural Products as Anti-inflammatory Agents
7.4.1 Natural Products from Plant Origin
7.4.1.6 Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate
7.4.1.18 Ursolic Acid (UA)
7.4.2 Natural Products from Marine Origin
7.4.3 Natural Products from Microorganisms
7.5 Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter 8 Anti-HIV Natural Products
8.2 Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins
8.3 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
8.3.1 Antifungal Proteins
8.3.2 Defensins and Defensin‐Like Anti‐Fungal Peptides
8.3.4 Whey Proteins and Peptides
8.3.5 Proteases and Protease Inhibitors
8.3.7 Laccases and Ribonucleases
8.3.8 Polysaccharides and Polysaccharopeptides
8.3.9 Other HIV‐Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
8.4 Inhibitors of HIV Reverse Transcriptase Associated RNase H
8.5 HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors
8.6 HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors
Chapter 9 Natural Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain: Therapeutic and Toxicological Implications
9.1 Introduction: The Structure of the Electron Transport Chain
9.2 Natural Inhibitors of the Respiratory Chain
9.2.1 Complex I Inhibitors
9.2.1.1 Acetogenins from Annonaceae as Complex I Inhibitors
9.2.2 Complex II Inhibitors
9.2.3 Complex III Inhibitors
9.2.4 Complex IV Inhibitors
9.2.5 Complex V Inhibitors
9.3 Therapeutic, Agrochemical and Toxicological Implications
9.3.1 ETC Inhibitors as Fungicides
9.3.2 ETC Inhibitors as Insecticides, Acaricides, and Anthelmintic Agents
9.3.3 ETC Inhibitors with Activity Against Protozoan Parasites
9.3.4 Diabetes and ETC Inhibition
9.3.5 ETC Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer
9.3.5.1 Mechanistic Insights on the Anti‐Tumour Properties of ETC Inhibitors
9.3.6 Toxicological Implications of ETC Inhibition
9.3.6.1 Neurotoxicity and ETC Inhibition
9.3.6.2 Other Toxicity Aspects of ETC Inhibition
Chapter 10 Targeting Enzymatic Pathways with Marine-Derived Clinical Agents
10.1 Marine Environment as an Established Source of Drug Candidates
10.2 Enzyme-Targeting Derived Effects of Marine-Derived Approved Drugs
10.3 Marine-Derived Agents in Clinical Development Targeting Relevant Enzymatic Pathways
Chapter 11 Anti-Malarial Drug Discovery: New Enzyme Inhibitors
11.2 Falcipain (FP-2) Inhibitors
11.3 Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Inhibitors (PNP)
11.4 Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) and Thymidylate Synthase (TS) Inhibitors
11.5 Hypoxanthine-Guanine-(Xanthine) Phosphoribosyltransferase Inhibitors
Chapter 12 Natural Plant-Derived Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Relevance for Alzheimer’s Disease
12.2 Natural Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
12.2.1 Alkaloid Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
12.2.2 Non‐Alkaloid Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Natural Products Targeting Clinically Relevant Enzymes
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