Chapter
2.2 Literature Search and Appraisal
2.2.1 Identifying and Sourcing Literature
2.2.2 Publication Timeline
2.2.3 Global Publication Status
2.2.5 Researchers Involved
2.2.6 Institutions and Organisations Involved
2.2.7 Subject Area Distribution
2.3 Building the Data Matrix
2.3.1 Initial Sorting of Literature
2.3.2 Data Mining and Parking
2.4 Analysis, Evaluation and Modelling of Data
3 - Municipal Solid Waste Composition, Incineration, Processing and Management of Bottom Ashes
3.1.1 Legislation, Policies and Best Practices
3.1.2 Financial and Environmental Aspects of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration and Application of Municipal Incinerated Bottom ...
3.2 Composition of Municipal Solid Waste
3.3 Municipal Solid Waste Incineration
3.3.3 Air Pollution Control Systems and Resulting Emissions
3.4 Treatment of Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash
3.4.2 Grinding and Particle Size Separation
3.4.3 Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metal Separation
3.4.5 Extraction and Recovery
3.4.6 Natural Weathering and Accelerated Ageing
3.4.7 Solidification and Stabilisation
3.5 Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Management
4 - Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Characteristics
4.3.4 Element Composition
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorobiphenyls
4.4 Engineering Properties
4.4.3 Soil Classification
4.4.5 Deformation Properties
4.4.8 Abrasion Resistance
5 - Concrete-Related Applications
5.2 Use as an Aggregate Component
5.2.4 Artificial Aggregate Production
5.2.5 Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
5.3 Use as a Cement Component
5.3.1 Raw Feed for Cement Clinker Production
5.4 Environmental Assessment
6 - Geotechnics and Road Pavements
6.2 Geotechnical Properties and Unbound Applications
6.2.2 Resistance to Fragmentation
6.2.6 Deformation Properties
6.2.8 Compaction Properties
6.2.11 Soil Stabilisation
6.3 Hydraulically Bound Applications
6.3.2 Compaction Properties
6.3.4 Deformation Performance
6.4 Bituminous-Bound Applications
6.4.1 Voids, Voids in the Mineral Aggregate, Stability and Flow
6.4.2 Optimum Bitumen Content
6.4.3 Moisture Susceptibility
6.4.6 Resistance to Fragmentation
6.4.7 Deformation Performance
6.5 Environmental Assessment
7 - Alternative Applications
7.3.1 Leachability and Toxicity of Heavy Metals and Rare Earth Elements
7.3.2 Acid Neutralisation Capacity
7.4.1 Untreated Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash as Adsorbent Material
7.4.2 Zeolite Synthesis by Alkaline Hydrothermal Treatment
7.6 Anaerobic Digestion and Landfill Gas Production
7.8 Environmental Assessment
8 - Environmental Assessment
8.2 Leaching Properties of Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash
8.3 Artificial Aggregates
8.4 Cementitious Composites
8.4.1 Raw Feed in Cement Clinker Production
8.4.3 Aggregate Replacement
8.5.1 Unbound Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash in Base and Subbase Layers
8.5.2 Hydraulically Bound Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash
8.5.3 Bitumen-Bound Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash
9 - Case Studies and Standards
9.2 Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste
9.2.1 Seoul, South Korea: Pilot-Scale Incinerator With Oxygen Enrichment in the Co-incineration of Municipal Solid Waste and Org...
9.2.2 South Norfolk, UK: Proper Choice of Location to Set Up a Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant
9.2.3 Taranto, Italy: Health Risk Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Emissions
9.3 Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Management
9.3.1 Flanders, Belgium: Legislation and Waste Management
9.3.2 Uppsala Region, Sweden: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Management Options
9.4 Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Processing and Storage
9.4.1 Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Pilot Wet Process for Washing Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash
9.4.2 Northeast Italy: Optimising Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Weathering for Improved Leaching Behaviour Before Disposal
9.4.3 New York, USA: Environmental Issues of Stockpiled Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash
9.5 Aggregate Manufacturing
9.5.1 Connecticut, USA: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash–Based Lightweight Aggregate
9.5.2 Islip, New York, USA: Artificial Aggregate From Rolite, Inc
9.5.3 Aveley, Essex, UK: Secondary Aggregates From Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash
9.5.4 Tilbury, Essex, UK: Thermal Processing of Lightweight Aggregate
9.6 Raw Feed in Cement Clinker Production
9.6.1 Japan: Municipal Solid Waste Incinerated Ash in Cement Clinker Production
9.6.2 Tacoma, Washington, USA: Combined Ash Used in Cement Manufacture
9.6.3 Charleston, South Carolina, USA: Combined Ash in Cement Manufacture
9.7 Concrete and Mortar Production
9.7.1 Beaulieu, France: Stabilised Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Mortar as Fill in Mines
9.7.2 Conscience Bay, Long Island, New York, USA: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Blocks in Artificial Reef
9.7.3 Dundee, UK: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash in Ready-Mixed Concrete
9.7.4 Dundee, UK: Precast Concrete
9.7.5 Edmonton, UK: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Construction Blocks From Ballast Phoenix
9.7.6 Keilehaven, the Netherlands: Concrete Paving Blocks
9.7.7 Montgomery County, Ohio, USA: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Blocks in Non-Load-Bearing Walls
9.7.8 Peekskill, New York, USA: Concrete Blocks Made With Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash in the Construction of a Boathouse
9.8 Geotechnical Applications
9.8.1 Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash in a Wind Barrier
9.8.2 Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash as Fill in Highway A-15
9.8.3 Philadelphia, USA: Long-Term Testing of Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash as Fill Material
9.9.1 Dundee, UK: Full-Scale Demonstration of Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash in Road Pavements
9.9.2 Herouville, France: Leachate Evolution of Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash in a Test Road
9.9.3 Houston, Texas: Federal Highway Administration Project With Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash as Base Course Material
9.9.4 Laconia, New Hampshire, USA: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash as Aggregate in Asphalt Binder Course in Repaved Road Sectio...
9.9.5 Malmo, Sweden: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash as Subbase Material
9.9.6 Milan, Italy: Full-Scale Test Track With Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash in Granular Foundation, Cement-Bound Mixes and A...
9.9.7 Netherend Lane, Dudley, UK: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Used in Road Reconstruction
9.9.8 Shelton, Connecticut, USA: Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Used as Structural Fill and Aggregate
9.9.9 Umea, Sweden: Full-Scale Test Road With Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash at Davamyran Landfill
9.10.1 Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan: Pavement Bricks From Molten Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash
9.10.2 Bologna, Italy: Treated Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash as Ceramic Glaze Frit
9.11.1 Buchs, Switzerland: Leaching of Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash Monofill
9.11.2 Oahu, Hawaii, USA: Cover Material at Waipahu Landfill
9.11.3 Tuscany, Italy: Landfill Gas Upgrade
9.11.4 Maine, USA: Ashfill ‘Mining’ for the Recovery of Metals
9.12 Standards and Specifications
9.12.1 Cement Applications
9.12.2 Concrete and Mortar Applications
Environmental Exposure Classes
9.12.3 Geotechnical Applications
9.12.4 Road Pavement Applications
Hydraulically Bound Materials
9.12.5 Ceramic Applications
A. Additional References on the Characteristics of MIBA
B. Additional References on the Leaching Properties of MIBA