Cover

Contents

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

1 INTRODUCTION

1. Research goals and questions

2. Outline

3. Sources and earlier literature

2 THE TURKISH MILITARY IN POLITICS: A SHORT SURVEY

1. The Turkish army and the founding of the republic

2. The 27 May intervention

3. 12 March 1971: intervention through an ultimatum

3 BETWEEN KEMALISM AND THIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENTALISM: DOGAN AVCIOGLU AND YON

1. Introduction

2. Politics after the 1960 intervention: vigorous forces as the revolutionary vanguard

3. Socialism as a development model

4. Yon pushing reforms

5. Organizing opposition: the founding of the SKD

6. Organizing an anti-imperialist common front

7. Elections and disillusionment: direction of Yon settled

8. Co-operation with an 'old-guard' for NDR

4 REVOLUTION THROUGH THE NARROW DOOR

1. Introduction

2. The Order of Turkey: the manifesto of the 'Nationalist Revolutionaries'

3. The media of the junta: Devrim

4. Between theory and practice: 9 March or 12 March?

5 THE WORKERS' PARTY OF TURKEY: THE LONG ROAD TO SOCIALISM

1. Introduction

2. Socialist revolution discourse: TIP as the vanguard

3. TIP against 'short-cuts' to socialism

4. Rifts in the party: NDR or SR?

5. A feudal or an Asiatic state? New discussions on the role of the army

6. Disappointment in elections and disappearance of trust

7. Towards the 12 March military intervention and after

8. A brief conclusion

6 THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTIONARIES AND THEIR ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE ARMY

1. Introduction

2. No short-cut to socialism: socialism through NDR

3. NDR opposition in the TIP

4. The revolutionary vanguard problem: the role of the Kemalists bureaucracy and the army in NDR

5. Establishing a national front

6. NDR and student militancy: the 1968 generation

7. NDR factions and their discourse on the army

7 THE VOICE OF THE TKP FROM ABROAD

1. Introduction

2. A concise review of the ideology of the TKP up to the 1960s

3. The TKP in the 1960s as an 'external bureau'

4. The TKP in the mid-1960s: the revolutionary leadership problem

5. Workers' revolt and the ambivalent position of the army

6. The military intervention and reaction of the TKP

7. Conclusion

8 THE KIVILCIMLI MOVEMENT IN SEARCH OF THE TURKISH PAST FOR A REVOLUTIONARY WARRIOR CULTURE

1. Introduction

2. The Kivilcimli movement in the 1960s

3. Kivilcimli's political thinking about the army

4. Kivilcimli's approach to the military interventions of 1960 and 1971

5. Conclusion

9 CONCLUSION

1. Introduction

2. The armed forces as the guardian of the republic

3. Revolution through a coup or by means of a united national front

4. The anti-imperialist alliance: a problematic relationship

5. The revised Soviet theory and its impact on the Turkish left

6. Divergence in the Turkish left: SR strategy and the revolutionary leadership problem

7. Final remarks: the army, the state and capital relations

Notes

Bibliography

Index