Last Vikings, The :The Epic Story of the Great Norse Voyagers

Publication subTitle :The Epic Story of the Great Norse Voyagers

Author: Seaver Kirsten A.  

Publisher: I.B.Tauris‎

Publication year: 2010

E-ISBN: 9780857714251

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781845118693

Subject: K5 European History;K7 Americas History

Keyword: 欧洲史,美洲史,古代史(公元前40世纪~公元476年)

Language: ENG

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Chapter

Introduction

Chapter 1. No Forwarding Address

Physical Description of Greenland

The Push Westwards

Modern Voices of Gloom and Doom

Chapter 2. Eirik the Red Knew Where to Go

Medieval Geographical Knowledge

Eirik the Red Goes West

Norse Navigation

A Daring Real Estate Venture

Dividing up a New Land

Eirik the Red Settles in

Establishing Homes in the Wilderness

Brattahlid Then and Now

Chapter 3. Forcing a New Homeland

A New Society Takes Shape

Putting Food on the Table

The Role of Domestic Animals

Adapting to Greenland

Cow Versus Sheep and Goats

Cultural Distinctiveness

Fuel

Slaves and Hired Hands

Social Structure

Voyages to the High Arctic

Missing Resources

Chapter 4. Leif Eiriksson Explores Another New Land

No Game of Chance

The Men in Charge

Reaching the Other Side

Life at L'Anse aux Meadows

Discovering Vinland Grapes

Follow-Up Voyages

Encountering Vinland Natives

The Aftermath

Chapter 5. Who Were the Skraelings?

The Spherical World Picture

Monstrous Races of the Far North

The West Had Finally Met the East

Norse Interaction with Arctic Natives

Chapter 6. Relations with Church and Crown

Geographical Independence

Christianity Reaches the Northwest Atlantic

Imported from the British Isles

Organised Christianity

Greenland Becomes a Diocese

Greenland Priests

Royal Pressure From Norway

The Sea was Still the Highway

Small Royal Impact on Greenland

Tithes and Taxes Increase

Ivar Bardsson's Mission

No More Resident Gardar Bishops

Did the Greenlanders Lose their Christian Faith?

Chapter 7. Foreign Trade

Marketable Greenland Commodities

Market Fluctuations

Early Markets and Trade Routes

Consolidation of the European Markets

The Hanseatic League

Norse Greenland and Norwegian Trade Legislation

The Art of 'Drifting Off'

Chapter 8. Contact with Iceland

Disease: An Unwelcome Travel Companion

Norwegian Politics in Iceland

End of the Icelandic Commonwealth

Iceland Under the New Rule

Bjorn Einarsson 'Jerusalem-Farer' and his Circle

Sigrid Bjornsdaughter

The Black Death

Thorstein Olafsson Plans his Future

Leaving Greenland in 1410

From Norway to Iceland

Another Transfer of Royal Power

Chapter 9. The English in the North Atlantic

The Sweet Smell of Profit

King Eirik Comes to Power

Thorstein Olafsson's Circle and the English

Moving Westwards

Where was Thorstein in 1419-20?

The Ground Speaks Clearly

In Iceland Meanwhile...

A Further Sea Change

Sharpened Conflict with the English

The English Tighten Their Grip

Passing the Generational Torch

The English Encounter a Headwind

Chapter 10. Where did the Norse Greenlanders Go?

Papal Laments

Other End Game Scenarios

Changes in Animal Husbandry

Choices

Greenland and the North Atlantic Economy

John Cabot's Successors

The Early Cartographic Record

Claudius Clavus

Larsen's Fantasy

Portuguese Experience and the 1502 'Cantino' Map with Greenland

English Experience and the 1507/08 Ruysch Map

Joao Fernandes, Llavrador

Joao's Bristol Contacts

Tracing Joao Fernandes and Richard Warde

Chapter 11. Who Went Looking for Them?

Erik Valkendorf's Greenland Plans

Erik Valkendorf and Ivar Bardsson

Ivar's Wider Sphere of Influence

The 'New' Greenland Emerges

Misplaced, but Not Forgotten

Early Post-Valkendorf Attempts to Reach the Norse

Concerted Efforts by Christian IV

Claus Christoffersen Lyschander (1558-1624)

Changing Priorities

Hans Egede (1686-1758)

Last Efforts

Confronting a Harsh World

No Final Chapter Yet

Postscript: The Fictional Norse in North America

Prince Madoc of Wales

Earl Henry Sinclair of Orkney

The Westford Stone

The Newport Tower

The Kensington Rune Stone

The Spirit Pond Stones

The 'Vinland Map'

Norumbega

Reference Notes

Works Cited

Index

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