Chapter
DISASTER AND TRAUMA COUNSELING: INTERMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM PHASES
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE STRUCTURE
POST-9/11 DISASTER RESPONSE LESSONS LEARNED
Response-Ready DMH Counselors
PTSD and Long-Term Problems
DMH COUNSELOR PREPARATION AND THE CACREP STANDARDS
CASE STUDY: SEPTEMBER 11, 2001
In Our Own Words: Ground Hero: A Story of Compassion Fatigue After September 11
Chapter 2: Disaster Mental Health Counseling: Skills and Strategies
1. Contact and Engagement
4. Information Gathering on Current Needs and Concerns
6. Connection With Social Supports
8. Linkage With Collaborative Services
FEMA CRISIS COUNSELING AND TRAINING PROGRAM (CCP)
Conducted in Nontraditional Settings
Designed to Strengthen Existing Community Support Systems
CASE STUDY: FRANK’S SEARCH
In Our Own Words: Interventions With Children After the Earthquake in China
THERAPEUTIC GROUP PROJECTS
THE STORY: THE SNOW GLOBE
Chapter 3: How the Brain and Body Change After a Disaster
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
Brain Stem: Fight–Flight–Freeze–Faint
Limbic System: Siege Mentality
Neocortex: The Motherboard
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
The Fight–Flight Response to Disasters
The Freeze–Faint Response to Disasters
THE NEUROLOGY OF DISASTER TRAUMA
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS)
LONG-TERM BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
Big T and Little t Trauma
Potential Long-Term Effects for Lorraine
HOW TRAUMATIC MEMORY DIFFERS FROM NARRATIVE MEMORY
THE TRAUMATIC IMPACT OF DISASTERS AND MASS VIOLENCE
In Our Own Words: Inadvertently Studying Traumafor 35 Years
In Our Own Words: Evergreen Got Slammed
Chapter 4: Assessing the Needs of Disaster-Affected Persons
UNIFORM DISASTER MENTAL HEALTH (DMH) TRAINING STANDARDS
PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID (PFA): INFORMAL ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE
ASSESSING EMOTIONAL REACTIONS TO DISASTER
PsySTART ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
MIND–BODY INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE RECOVERY
In Our Own Words: A Strange Beginning
In Our Own Words: The Emotional Roller Coaster of Surviving Superstorm Sandy
Chapter 5: Compassion Fatigue: Our Achilles’ Heel
TRAUMA IMPACT ON DMH RESPONDERS
Secondary Traumatic Stress
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION: ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
Certified Compassion Fatigue Specialist Training (CCFST)
Accelerated Recovery Program (ARP)
Compassion Fatigue Prevention and Resiliency Workshop
Forward Focused Trauma Therapy (FFTT)
THE CRUCIBLE OF TRANSFORMATION
In Our Own Words: Two Decades of Compassion Fatigue Treatment, Prevention, and Resilience
In Our Own Words: Confessions of a Trauma Responder
Chapter 6: Ethics Narratives From Lived Experiences of Disaster and Trauma Counselors
ETHICS AND THE NATURE OF DISASTER AND TRAUMA RESPONSE
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT IN ASSESSING DISASTER SITUATIONS
Survivor and Counselor Self-Care
QUESTIONS FOR PERSONAL REFLECTION BEFORE RESPONDING TO TRAUMA OR DISASTER
The Need for an Ethical Framework in Trauma and Disaster Work
An Ecological Perspective
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF TRAUMA AND DISASTER SITUATIONS
Counseling Scenario 1: Professional Competence
Counseling Scenario 2: Advocacy
Counseling Scenario 3: Multicultural Competence
In Our Own Words: Evolving
Section 2: Disaster and Trauma Response in the Community
Chapter 7: Responding to Mass Violence and the Pulse Nightclub Massacre
DMH COUNSELOR RESPONSE AFTER MASS VIOLENCE
Managing Anger and Emotion Dysregulation
THE PULSE NIGHTCLUB MASSACRE
Orlando Counselor Crisis Response
In Our Own Words: Self-Care and Guilt in the Wake of the Orlando Shooting
RECOGNIZING AND ADDRESSING GUILT
Chapter 8: Counseling Veterans and Their Families
CIVILIAN COUNSELORS AND MILITARY CULTURE
COUNSELING IN THE DEPLOYMENT CYCLE
Preparation for Separation
Postdeployment and Reintegration
NATIONAL GUARD/RESERVE COUNSELING NEEDS
Civilian Counselors and NG/R Reintegration
COUPLE AND FAMILY PROBLEMS
Social Media and Military Family Connections
POSTDEPLOYMENT PTSD AND CO-OCCURRING CONDITIONS
In Our Own Words: Wounds You Cannot See
Chapter 9: Children and Adolescents in Disasters: Promoting Recovery and Resilience
IMPACT OF DISASTERS ON CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Developmental Vulnerability
Neurophysiology of Children
GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR INTERVENING WITH CHILDREN
INTERVENTIONS BY PHASES OF DISASTERS
Preparedness Phase: Primary Prevention (Steps 1–3)
Short Term: Secondary Intervention (Steps 4–5)
Intermediate (Weeks–Months): Tertiary Intervention (Steps 6–8)
DISASTER RESPONSE CHILD-CENTERED PLAY THERAPY
Rationale for Play Therapy
Procedures of Disaster Response Child-Centered Play Therapy
Play Therapy Procedures to Establish Safety
Play Therapy Procedures to Reconstruct the Trauma Story
Play Therapy Procedures to Restore Connections With Community
In Our Own Words: Helping Children Heal
Chapter 10: Counseling Survivors of Hurricane Katrina
THE COUNSELING NEEDS OF SURVIVORS OF HURRICANE KATRINA AND OTHER MULTISYSTEMIC DISASTERS
Ernesto, an African American Jazz Musician
Joann, a White Corporate Executive
Rodney, an African American Unemployed Military Veteran
William, an African American First Responder
LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COUNSELORS
In Our Own Words: Weren’t You Scared?
In Our Own Words: When Are We Going Home?
Chapter 11: Counseling Refugees
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXTS OF DISPLACEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT
Bisrat’s Story: Separation and Struggle
Rahila’s Story: Pain and Persistence
Policy Impact on Refugees’ Experiences
Refugee Resettlement: Supports, Stressors, and Hostility
Resources and the Resource Cliff
COUNSELING REFUGEES WITH AN ECOSYSTEMIC UNDERSTANDING OF TRAUMATIC EVENTS
Microlevel Situatedness: Cumulative Daily Stressors
Macrolevel Situatedness of Refugees
Resilience, Coping, and Growth Among Refugees
Vicarious Trauma and Counseling Refugees
Working With Interpreters
Working With Refugees in School Settings
In Our Own Words: Trauma Counseling as Social Justice
Chapter 12: International Deployment and Disaster Mental Health Counselors
PHASES OF INTERNATIONAL DMH COUNSELOR DEPLOYMENT
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND CRISIS COUNSELING
LESSONS LEARNED FROM RECENT EVENTS
In Our Own Words: A Day in the Life of a Relief Worker: Expect the Unexpected
Section 3: Disasters and Mass Violence at Schools and Universities
Chapter 13: School Disaster Mental Health
STANDARDIZING SCHOOL EMERGENCY OPERATION PLANS
SCHOOL INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
RESPONDING TO MULTIPLE TYPES OF SCHOOL CRISES
REMS AND SCHOOL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLANNING
Steps in the Planning Process
THE WORST CASE: WHEN A CATASTROPHIC TORNADO DESTROYED A SCHOOL
COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL DISASTER RESPONSE: BEFORE, DURING, AFTER
In Our Own Words: I Never Thought I Would Become So Focused on Disaster and Trauma
In Our Own Words: From Clifton High School: Fifteen Years After September 11
Chapter 14: Disaster Recovery in Newtown: The Intermediate Phase
CREATING A RECOVERY AND RESILIENCY TEAM (RRT)
CREATING A TRAUMA-INFORMED LOCATION
INTERMEDIATE RECOVERY PHASE
DEFINING THE COMMUNITY AND THOSE IMPACTED
CARE COORDINATION AND ITS USE IN THE TRAUMATIZED COMMUNITY OF NEWTOWN, CONNECTICUT
Developing a Care Coordination Team
Fostering Community Connections
Trauma-Informed Assessment
CULTURE OF A COMMUNITY IN THE AFTERMATH OF A SCHOOL SHOOTING
Conspiracy Theories and Truthers
TREATMENT OF THOSE WITH TRAUMA
Treatment of Traumatized Children
Work With Specialized Populations
In Our Own Words: Reflecting on the Sandy Hook School Shooting
In Our Own Words: Focus on Faith Not Fear
Chapter 15: School Shootings in Perspective
A HISTORICAL LOOK AT SCHOOL SHOOTINGS
SCHOOL SHOOTING CONTROVERSIES
ACTIVE SHOOTER: A NEW TERM
Factor 2: Individual Vulnerabilities
Factor 3: Cultural Scripts
Factor 4: Under the Radar
WORKPLACE VIOLENCE IN SCHOOLS
COMPREHENSIVE ACTIVE-SHOOTER MANAGEMENT
WHAT SCHOOLS CAN DO TO PREVENT SCHOOL SHOOTING
In Our Own Words: Recognizing the Importance of Crisis Intervention
Chapter 16: University Disaster Mental Health Response
CAMPUS PREPARATION AND PREVENTION
Threat Assessment and Management (TAM)
THE VIRGINIA TECH STORY AND LESSONS LEARNED
Practicing and Preparation
Crisis Intervention, Response, and Recovery
In Our Own Words: Prepare for the Worst,Then Do Your Best
Chapter 17: Disaster Mental Health and Trauma Counseling: The Next Decade
TRAUMA AND DISASTER TRAINING
WHAT SHOULD COUNSELORS KNOW ABOUT DISASTER AND TRAUMA RESPONSE?
Trauma-Informed Counseling
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELOR PREPARATION?
WHO SHOULD ADVOCATE FOR DISASTER-AND TRAUMA-INFORMED COUNSELING?
In Our Own Words: “I Discovered Within Me an Invincible Summer”
Appendix A: Disaster, Trauma, and Crisis Competencies in the 2016 CACREP Standards
Appendix B: DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Appendix C: Mass Trauma Counseling Ethical Guidelines
End User License Agreement
Disaster Mental Health Counseling
：A Guide to Preparing and Responding
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