Chapter
Chapter 2 Advanced Nanocomposite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
2.2 Advanced Nanocomposites as Anode Materials for LIBs
2.2.1 Carbonaceous Nanocomposites
2.2.2 Carbon-Free Nanocomposites
2.3 Advanced Nanocomposites as Cathode Materials for LIBs
2.3.1 Traditional Cathode
2.3.1.1 Lithium Transition Metal Oxides
2.3.1.3 Lithium Phosphates
2.3.2 Advanced Nanocomposites as Cathode Materials
2.3.2.2 Composite with Carbon Nanotubes of Graphene
Chapter 3 Carbon Nanocomposites in Electrochemical Capacitor Applications
3.2 Working Principle of Electrochemical Capacitor
3.2.1 Electric Double Layer Capacitor
3.3 Characterization Techniques for Supercapacitor
3.3.1 Electrode Preparation and Testing Cell Assembling
3.3.1.1 Two-Electrode Method
3.3.1.2 Three-Electrode Method
3.3.2 Selection of Electrolyte
3.3.3 Energy Storage Property Evaluation
3.3.3.2 Energy Density and Power Density
3.4 State-of-Art Carbon Nanocomposite Electrode
3.4.1 Design Principles of Advanced Electrodes
3.4.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
3.4.1.3 Suitable Pore Size
3.4.2 Carbon/Carbon Nanocomposites
3.4.2.2 Graphene/Carbon Black
3.4.2.3 Porous Carbon/CNTs
3.4.3 Carbon/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites
3.4.3.1 Graphene/Metal Oxide
3.4.3.3 Porous Carbon/Metal Oxide
3.4.4 Carbon/Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites
3.4.4.1 Graphene/Conductive Polymer
3.4.4.2 CNTs/Conductive Polymer
3.4.4.3 Porous Carbon/Conductive Polymer
3.4.4.4 Ternary Structured Nanocomposites
Chapter 4 Application of Nanostructured Electrodes in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells and Electrochromic Devices
4.1 Application of Nanostructured Electrodes for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
4.1.2 Halide Perovskite Material
4.1.3 Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
4.1.3.1 HTM Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells
4.1.4 Planar Structure Photoanodes for Perovskite Solar Cell
4.1.5 Nanostructured Electrodes for Perovskite Solar Cell
4.1.5.1 Mesoscopic Nanoparticles for Perovskite Solar Cells
4.1.5.2 3D Nanowires for Perovskite Solar Cells
4.1.6 Current Challenges for Halide Perovskite Solar Cell
4.1.6.1 Lead and Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cell
4.2 Functionalized Nanocomposites for Low Energy Consuming Optoelectronic Electrochromic Device
4.2.1 Electrochromism and Electrochromic Materials
4.2.2 Electrochromic Device
4.2.3 Nanostructured Electrodes for EC Devices
4.2.3.4 Conductive Nanobeads
4.2.4 Current Challenges in Electrochromism
Chapter 5 Perovskite Solar Cell
5.2 Properties and Characteristics
5.2.2 Madelung Constant and Lattice Energy
5.2.4 Physical Properties
5.3 Solar Cell Application
5.3.1 Basic Solar Cell Operation
5.3.2 Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells
5.3.3 Stability of the Perovskite Material
5.3.4 Temperature Effects on Perovskite Material
5.3.5 Flexible Perovskite Materials
5.3.6 Perovskite Solar Cell Performance
Chapter 6 Nanocomposite Structures Related to Electrospun Nanofibers for Highly Efficient and Cost-Effective Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
6.1 Introduction of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
6.1.1 Solar Energy Absorption
6.1.2 Electron Transport in Photoanode
6.2 Composites of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers as Highly Efficient Photoanodes
6.3 Electrospun TiC/C Composite Nano-felt Surface Decorated with Pt Nanoparticles as a Cost-Effective Counter Electrode
Chapter 7 Colloidal Synthesis of Advanced Functional Nanostructured Composites and Alloys via Laser Ablation-Based Techniques
7.1.1 Conventional Routes for Synthesizing NMs
7.1.2 Laser Ablation Synthesis in Solution (LASiS)
7.1.3 Laser Ablation Synthesis in Solution-Galvanic Replacement Reaction (LASiS-GRR)
7.1.4 Description of the LASiS/LASiS-GRR Setup
7.1.5 Applications of LASiS/LASiS-GRR for the Synthesis of Functional NCs and NAs
7.2 Synthesis of PtCo/CoOx NCs via LASiS-GRR as ORR/OER Bifunctional Electrocatalysts
7.2.1 Mechanistic Picture of LASiS-GRR
7.2.2 Structure and Composition Analysis for the PtCo/CoOx NCs
7.2.3 Investigation of ORR/OER Catalytic Activities
7.3 Synthesis of Pt-Based Binary and Ternary NAs as ORR Electrocatalysts for PEMFCs
7.3.1 PtCo NAs Synthesized with Different Pt Salt Concentrations
7.3.2 PtCo NAs Synthesized with Different pH Conditions
7.3.3 Synthesis of Pt-Based Ternary NAs
7.3.4 Investigation of ORR Electrocatalytic Activities
7.4 Synthesis of Hybrid CoOx/N-Doped GO NCs as Bifunctional ORR Electrocatalysts/Supercapacitors
7.5 Conclusion and Future Directions
Chapter 8 Thermoelectric Nanocomposite for Energy Harvesting
8.2 Fundamental of Thermoelectric Effect
8.2.2 Thermal Conductivity
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
8.3 Historical Perspective of Thermoelectric Materials Development
8.3.1 Early Discovery of Thermoelectricity
8.3.2 TE Devices in Post-90
8.4 Thermoelectric Nanocomposites and Their Processing Methods
8.4.1 Bismuth Telluride, PbTe, SbTe, Etc.
8.4.2 Emerging Materials: Silicides and Nitrides
8.4.3 SiGe and Other RTG Materials
8.4.4.1 n-Type Oxide ZnO-Based Materials
8.5 Thermoelectric Device Design and Characterizations
8.5.1 Device Physics and Calculation
8.5.2 TE Device Fabrication and Its Applications
Chapter 9 Graphene Composite Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Conversion
9.1.2 Applications for Energy Conversion
9.1.3 Challenge for Oxygen Electrocatalysis
9.2 Preparation of Graphene Catalysts
9.3 Graphene Catalysts for Energy Conversion
9.3.1 Reduced Graphene Oxide Catalysts
9.3.2 Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Composite Catalysts from Graphitization
9.3.3 Bifunctional Graphene Composite Catalysts
9.4 Summary and Perspective
Chapter 10 Electrochromic Materials and Devices: Fundamentals and Nanostructuring Approaches
10.2 Notes on History and Early Applications
10.3 Electrochromic Materials and Devices
10.3.1 Overview of Electrochromic Materials
10.3.1.1 Transition Metal Oxides
10.3.1.2 Prussian Blue and Transition Metal Hexacyanometallates
10.3.1.3 Conducting Polymers
10.3.1.5 Transition Metal Coordination Complexes
10.3.2 Constructions of Electrochromic Devices
10.4 Performance Parameters of Electrochromic Materials and Device
10.4.3 Coloration Efficiency
10.5 Application of Nanostructures in Electrochromic Materials and Devices
10.5.2 One-Dimensional (1D) Nanostructures
10.5.3 Two-Dimensional (2D) Nanostructures
10.6 Conclusions and Perspective
Chapter 11 Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for Solar Fuel Production from CO2 and Water
11.2 Overview of Principles and Photocatalysts for CO2 Photoreduction
11.3 Experimental Apparatus and Methods for CO2 Photoreduction
11.3.1 Experimental System of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
11.3.2 Description of the DRIFTS System
11.4 Innovative TiO2 Materials Design for Promoted CO2 Photoreduction to Solar Fuels
11.4.1 Mixed-Phase Crystalline TiO2 for CO2 Photoreduction
11.4.1.1 Materials Synthesis and Characterization
11.4.1.2 Photocatalytic Activity of CO2 Photoreduction
11.4.2 TiO2 with Engineered Exposed Facets
11.4.2.1 Materials Synthesis and Characterization
11.4.2.2 Photocatalytic Activity of CO2 Photoreduction
11.4.2.3 Mechanism Investigation
11.4.3 Oxygen-Deficient TiO2 for CO2 Photoreduction
11.4.4 Cu/TiO2 with Different Cu Valances
11.4.4.1 Material Synthesis and Characterizations
11.4.4.2 Photocatalytic Activity of CO2 Photoreduction
11.4.4.3 Mechanism Investigation
11.4.5 TiO2 Modified with Enhanced CO2 Adsorption
11.4.5.3 Hybrid TiO2 with MgAl(LDO)
Chapter 12 The Applications of Nanocomposite Catalysts in Biofuel Production
12.2.1 Alcohols and Polyols
12.2.3 Lignocellulosic Biomass
12.2.4 Lipids and Lactones
12.3.1 Bio-Jet Fuels from Carbohydrates
12.3.1.2 Hemicellulose/Cellulose
12.3.3 Bio-Jet Fuels from Lignocellulose-Derived Platform Chemicals
12.3.3.1 Noble Metal on Porous Support
12.3.3.2 Bimetallic Nanocatalysts
12.3.4 Other Renewable Biomass Feedstock
12.4 Renewable Diesel Fuel
12.4.1 Hemicellulose/Cellulose
12.4.2 Lignocellulose Derivative Platforms
12.4.3 Plant Oils/Fatty Acids
Chapter 13 Photocatalytic Nanomaterials for the Energy and Environmental Application
13.2 Preparation of Photocatalytic Nanomaterials
13.2.1 Solid-State Method
13.2.2 Precipitation Method
13.2.3 Hydrothermal Method
13.2.5 Solvothermal Method
13.2.6 Other Preparation Methods
13.3 Application of Photocatalytic Nanomaterials in the Energy
13.3.1 Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol
13.3.1.1 Different Kinds of Catalysts
13.3.1.2 Reaction Mechanism
13.3.2 Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formate
13.3.2.1 Different Kinds of Catalysts
13.3.2.2 Reaction Mechanism
13.3.3 Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane
13.3.3.1 Different Kinds of Catalysts
13.3.3.2 Reaction Mechanism
13.3.4 Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide
13.3.4.1 Different Kinds of Catalysts
13.3.4.2 Reaction Mechanism
13.3.5 Photocatalytic Reactor for CO2 Reduction
13.4 Application of Photocatalytic Nanomaterials in the Environment
13.4.1 Photocatalysts for Degradation of Organic Pollutant
13.4.2 Reaction Mechanism
13.4.3 Photocatalytic Reactor for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutant
13.5 Conclusion and Prospect
Chapter 14 Role of Interfaces at Nano-Architectured Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting
14.2 Basic Principles of Hydrogen Generation from Photocatalytic Water Splitting
14.2.1 Main Processes of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
14.2.2 Approaches for Enhancement of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Efficiency
14.2.2.1 Sacrificial Reagent
14.3 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation System Composing Functions of Interface at Nano-Architectures
14.3.1 Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces
14.3.1.1 Schottky Barrier
14.3.1.2 Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
14.3.2 Semiconductor-Semiconductor Interfaces
14.3.2.1 Semiconductor p-n Junction System
14.3.2.2 Non- p-n Heterojunction Semiconductor System
14.4 Summary and Prospects
Chapter 15 Nanostructured Catalyst for Small Molecule Conversion
15.1 Supported 0D Structure
15.2 Unsupported 1D Nanostructures
15.3 Hierarchical Supportless Nanostructures
Chapter 16 Rational Heterostructure Design for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
16.1.2 Efficiency Evaluation
16.1.3 Materials for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
16.2 TiO2- and ZnO-Based Heterostructures
16.2.1 Quantum Dot (QD) Sensitization
16.2.2 Plasmonic Modification
16.2.3 Cocatalyst Decoration
16.2.4 Conductive Material Modification
16.3 &rmalpha;-Fe2O3-Based Heterostructures
16.3.1 Semiconductor Heterojunctions
16.3.2 Nanotextured Conductive Substrates
16.3.3 Surface Passivation
16.3.4 Cocatalyst Decoration
16.4 WO3- and BiVO4-Based Heterostructures
16.4.1 Coupling with Other Semiconductors
16.4.2 Coupling with Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
16.5 Cu2O- and CuO-Based Heterostructures
16.5.1 Cu2O and CuO Photocathodes
16.5.2 Heterostructure Design
16.6 Other Metal Oxide-Based Heterostructures
16.7 Summary and Perspectives
16.7.1 Mechanism Investigation
16.7.2 Construction of New Heterostructures
16.7.3 Tandem Cell for Overall PEC Water Splitting
Chapter 17 Layered Double Hydroxide-Derived NOx Storage and Reduction Catalysts for Vehicle NOx Emission Control
17.1.1 Harm of Vehicle Exhausts
17.1.2 NOx Treatment Technology for Vehicle Exhausts
17.1.3 Chemical Constituent and Structure of LDHs
17.2 Mechanism of NOx Storage on LDH-Derived Catalysts
17.3 The Influence of LDH Chemical Composition on NSR
17.4 The Influence of Other Key Parameters
17.4.1 The Influence of Calcination Temperature
17.4.2 The Influence of Base Metal Loading
17.4.3 The Influence of Noble Metal Loading
Chapter 18 Applications of Nanomaterials in Nuclear Waste Management
18.2 Applications of Nanomaterials in Removal of Radionuclides from Radioactive Wastes
18.2.1 Graphene-Related Nanomaterials
18.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
18.2.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles
18.2.4 Silver-Related Nanomaterials for I- Removal
18.2.5 Ion Exchange Nanomaterials
18.2.7 Other Nanomaterials
18.3 Conclusion and Perspectives
Chapter 19 Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Polymer Nanocomposites
19.2 Criteria to Evaluate the Shielding Effectiveness
19.2.1 Conductive Shielding Materials with Negligible Magnetic Property
19.2.2 Conductive Shielding Materials with Magnetic Property
19.2.3 Theoretical Analysis
19.2.3.2 Eddy Current Loss
19.2.3.3 Magnetic Hysteresis Loss
19.3 Why EMI Shielding Polymer Nanocomposites?
19.3.1 Carbon-Based Nanofillers
19.3.2 Metal-Based Nanofillers
19.3.3 Conductive Polymer-Based Nanofillers
19.4 Conclusion and Perspective
Chapter 20 Mussel-Inspired Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Promising Applications in Environmental Fields
20.2 Preparation, Structure, Mechanism, and Properties of Mussel-Inspired PDA
20.2.1 Polymerization Conditions and Process
20.2.2 Possible Structures and Adhesion Mechanisms
20.2.3 Surface Modification Methods Based on PDA
20.2.4 Other Physicochemical Properties of PDA
20.2.4.1 Good Acid Resistance and Poor Alkaline Resistance
20.2.4.2 Ultraviolet Resistance
20.2.4.3 Carbon Precursor
20.3 Mussel-Inspired Materials for Wastewater Treatment
20.3.1 Mussel-Inspired Special Wettable Materials for Oil/Water Separation
20.3.1.1 PDA-Based Nanoparticles
20.3.1.2 PDA-Based Textiles
20.3.1.4 PDA-Based Membranes
20.3.2 Mussel-Inspired Adsorbents for Removal of Heavy Metal, Organic Pollutants, and Bacterial from Water
20.3.2.1 Pure PDA Nanoparticles
20.3.2.2 Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles
20.3.2.3 PDA Compound with Lamellar Structure
20.3.2.4 Mussel-Inspired Adsorbents Based on Other Inorganic Materials
20.3.2.5 PDA-Modified Porous Polymer Membrane
20.3.3 Mussel-Inspired Catalysts for Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications
Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.
