Chapter
1.2. Platform and scientific community rights: the absence of an upfront legal framework
1.2.1. A system partly caused by the development of the digital sector
1.2.2. The now-fragile law attempting to protect the results of research
1.2.3. Intellectual property rights
1.2.4. The notion of databases and protection by sui generis law
1.2.5. Problems with the legal statute of knowledge
1.3. The need to elaborate several types of legislation
1.3.2. Text and Data Mining: the great new stake
1.4. Open Science: an achievable goal?
2. Data: a Simple Raw Material?
2.1. The new generation of data: management issues arising from ownership rights
2.2. How to transform these data into knowledge?
2.3. A new knowledge economy is necessary
2.3.1. The information war and the stakes of data protection
2.4. International scientific publishing: high added-value services and researcher community
2.4.1. The open platform as the preferred tool for sharing and exploiting data
2.4.2. An undeniable added value in processing data brought about by platforms
3.1. Sharing and uncertainty
3.2. Platform construction
3.4. Promising progress to be qualified…
PART 2. The Knowledge Factory
4. Economic Models of Knowledge Sharing
4.1. A quick historic overview
4.2. Property and/or sharing
4.3. An immaterial good capable of fueling the production of material goods
4.4. The large stakes of knowledge production
4.4.1. Limits of this model: consistency, reliability and indistinction
4.4.2. Business models of knowledge sharing
4.5. Development prospects allowing for new fields of study and more nimbly integrating researchers into the economic chain
5. From the Author to the Valorizer
5.1. The author and the valorizer: conciliation and efficiency of the interaction
5.2. One point on patents
5.3. The innovation cycle
5.4. The law for a Digital Republic
5.5. Scientific openness surpassing ancient legal tools
6. Valorization: a Global Geopolitical Stake
6.1. A multispeed competition
6.1.1. The United States: a country losing its lead
6.1.3. The expanding Chinese model
6.2. International cooperation in the scientific sector
6.2.1. A developing European project
6.2.2. International organizations
7. Focus: the Chinese Patent Strategy
7.2. An inflation of Chinese patents
7.3. Some fallbacks in China nuancing its strategic position
7.3.1. A fallback in favor of applied research
7.3.2. Territorial withdrawal
7.3.3. A long certification process with uncertain ends
7.3.4. The procedure for submitting a dispute on a patent
7.4. Contestable and contested digital supremacy
8. Artificial Intelligence Policies
8.1. Policies concerning “strong” AI
8.2. Policies concerning “weak” AI
8.3. Policies concerning artificial intelligence safety
8.4. From practice to ethics: what is AI’s legal status?
9. New Formulations of Results and New “Markets”
9.1. Making universal: establishing common standards of expression
9.1.1. Requirement of uniqueness
9.1.2. Hierarchy requirement
9.2. To adapt: from popularization to simplification
9.2.1. Versatility or specialization?
9.2.2. Simplifying rather than popularizing
9.2.3. Measures following the precautionary principle: archiving and protection
9.2.4. Preserving the researcher while optimizing knowledge for the general interest during the digital era
9.3. Developing the general state of knowledge with care
10. Open Science: a Common Good that Needs to be Valued?
10.1. A global challenge that must take the economy into account
10.2. A wide variety of public policies respond to this challenge
10.2.1. Enterprises and States
10.2.2. Valorization as a junction point
10.2.3. Basic research: competing with applied research?
10.3. The French case and international rankings
10.4. The limits of the patent system and publication count
10.5. Investment tools aiming to correct these failures
10.6. How to measure innovation?
10.6.1. The university: the first knowledge production framework recognized by law
10.6.2. Research data: a new intangible “place” for producing knowledge
10.7. The application of research is not an end in itself
Appendix 1: Extract from the CNRS White Paper: “The Work of Science and the Digital Field: Data, Publications, Platforms. A Systematic Analysis of the Law for a Digital Republic”
Appendix 2: Extract from the CNRS White Paper “Open Science in a Digital Republic: Studies and Proposals for Law Application. Strategic Application Guide”
The Digital Factory for Knowledge
：Production and Validation of Scientific Results
Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.
