Chapter
1.4.1 Elemental Composition and Distribution-Property Correlation
1.4.2 Size–Property Correlation
1.4.3 Geometric Structure-Property Correlation
1.4.4 Phase Structure-Property Correlation
Chapter 2 Theoretical Models for Bimetallic Surfaces and Nanoalloys
2.2 Theoretical Approaches to Inter-Atomic Interactions
2.2.1 First-Principles Approaches
2.2.2 Empirical Inter-Atomic Potentials for Metallic Systems
2.3 Global Optimization Methods
2.3.1 Basin-Hopping Algorithm
2.4 Statistical Approaches
2.4.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulation
2.4.2 Monte Carlo Simulation
2.4.3 Superposition Approach to Thermodynamic Properties of Nanoparticles
2.5 Electronic Properties and Catalytic Activity of Bimetallic Systems
2.5.1 The d-Band Model for Chemical Adsorption at Transition Metal Surfaces
2.5.2 Tuning the Reactivity of Bimetallic Surfaces: Strain, Ligand, and Ensemble Effects
2.6 Computational Design of Bimetallic Heterogeneous Catalysts
2.6.1 Transition State and Adsorption Energy‐Scaling Relations
2.6.2 The Sabatier Principle and the Volcano Plot
2.6.3 High-Throughput Screening of Bimetallic Catalysts
Chapter 3 In situ Characterization Techniques of Bimetallics
3.3 Infrared Spectroscopy
3.4 X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure
3.5 Conclusions and Outlook
Part II Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Shape-Controlled Bimetallic Nanostructures
Chapter 4 Bimetallic Nanopolyhedrons and Nanospheres
4.2 Architecture of Bimetallic Nanospheres and Nanopolyhedrons
4.2.2 Intermetallic Compounds
4.2.3 Core–Shell Nanocrystals
4.3 General Principles of Shape Evolution
4.3.1 Equilibrium Shape: Wulff Polyhedron
4.3.2 Nucleation Mechanism of Metal Nanocrystals
4.3.3 Growth of Metal Nanocrystals
4.4 Key Factors for Shape Evolution in Colloidal Synthesis
4.4.4 Facet-Specific Capping Agents
4.5 Synthetic Approaches to Bimetallic Nanospheres and Nanopolyhedrons
4.5.1.2 Thermal Decomposition
4.5.1.3 Combination of Thermal Decomposition and Reduction
4.5.2 Seed-Mediated Growth
4.5.3 Combination of Underpotential Deposition and Galvanic Replacement Reaction
4.6 Catalytic Properties of Bimetallic Nanospheres and Nanopolyhedrons
4.6.1 Effects of Adsorption Energy and Facet Type in Bimetallics
4.6.2 Shape-Dependent Catalytic Reactions
4.6.2.1 Pt–Ni Nanocrystals for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
4.6.2.2 Pt–Pd Nanocrystals for Methanol Electrooxidation
4.6.2.3 Au–Pd Nanocrystals for Suzuki Coupling Reaction
4.7 Conclusions and Outlook
Chapter 5 Bimetallic Convex and Concave Nanostructures
5.2.1 Synthesis of Bimetallic Concave Structures
5.2.1.1 Galvanic Replacement
5.2.1.2 Coreduction with a Control of Capping Ligand(s)
5.2.1.3 Selective Etching (or Site-Specific Etching)
5.2.1.4 Seed-Mediated Growth
5.2.2 Synthesis of Bimetallic Convex Structure
5.3 Structural Characterization
5.4.1 SERS Characteristics
5.4.1.1 Case of Ag Convex NCs
5.4.1.2 Case of Ag Concave NCs
5.4.1.3 Cases of Bimetallic Noble Metals
5.4.2 Electrocatalytic Performance
5.4.2.1 Cases of Pt–Cu Nanostructures
5.4.2.2 Cases of Pt‐Pd Concave NCs and Others
5.4.3 Chemically Catalytic Behaviors
5.4.3.1 Cases of Hydrogenation
5.4.3.2 Cases of 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction
5.4.3.3 Cases of Other Reactions
Chapter 6 Bimetallic Nanoframes and Nanoporous Structures
6.2 Principles for the Formation of Bimetallic Nanoframes and Nanoporous Structures
6.3.1 Template-Assisted Method
6.3.1.3 Sacrificial Template
6.3.3 Galvanic Replacement Reaction
6.3.5 Electrochemical Dealloying
6.3.7 Other Methods of Interest
Chapter 7 Bimetallic Dendritic Nanostructures
7.2 Synthesis of Bimetallic Dendritic Nanostructures
7.2.2 Galvanic Replacement Reaction
7.2.3 Seed-Mediated Growth
7.3 Properties and Applications of Bimetallic Dendritic Nanostructures
7.4 Conclusion and Outlook
Chapter 8 Bimetallic Ultrathin Nanowires
8.2 Chemical Synthesis of Ultrathin Bimetallic Nanowires
8.2.1 Synthetic Fundamentals
8.2.2 Anisotropic Growth into Ultrathin Nanowires
8.3 Chemical Synthesis of Ultrathin Bimetallic Nanowires
8.3.1 Bimetallic Alloy Nanowires
8.3.2 Bimetallic Core–Shell Nanowires
8.3.3 Bimetallic Nanowires Formed by Directional Aggregation of Nanoparticles
Chapter 9 Bimetallic Nanoplates and Nanosheets
9.2 Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoplates and Nanosheets
9.2.1 Seeded Epitaxial Growth Process
9.2.2 Coreduction Process
9.2.3 Solvothermal Reaction
9.2.4 Galvanic Replacement Reaction
9.2.5 Electrodeposition Process
9.3 Properties and Applications of Bimetallic Nanoplates and Nanosheets
9.3.1 Magnetic Properties
9.3.2 Catalytic Applications
9.3.3 Optical and Biomedical Applications
9.4 Conclusions and Perspectives
Part III Applications of Shape-Controlled Bimetallic Nanostructures
Chapter 10 Electrocatalysis
10.2 Effect of Bimetallic Nanostructures
10.2.2 Bifunctional Effect
10.3 Characterization Techniques
10.3.1 Electron Microscopy
10.3.2 X-ray Diffraction Pattern (XRD)
10.3.3 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)
10.3.4 Electrochemical Measurements
10.4 Electrocatalytic Reactions Using Bimetallic Nanostructures
10.4.1 Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
10.4.1.1 ORR Using Pt–M Alloy Structures
10.4.1.2 ORR Using Pt–M Intermetallic Structures
10.4.1.4 Shape-Controlled Pt3Ni Nanoparticles with (111) Facets
10.4.1.5 Durability of the Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts
10.4.2.1 Hydrogen Oxidation
10.4.2.2 Methanol Oxidation
10.4.2.3 Formic Acid Oxidation
10.4.2.4 Oxidation of Other Small Organics
10.4.3 Oxygen Evolution Reaction
10.4.3.1 Alloy with Another Precious Metals
10.4.3.2 Alloy with 3d Metals
Chapter 11 Heterogeneous Catalysis
11.2.1.1 Monometallic NPs
11.2.1.2 Compositional and Structural Effect in Bimetallic NPs
11.2.2 Preferential CO Oxidation in H2‐Rich Feeds (PROX)
11.2.2.1 Spherical Core–Shell NPs
11.2.2.2 Hollow Cubic NPs
11.2.3 Selective Oxidation of Alcohols and Amines
11.3 Hydrogenation/Dehydrogenation
11.3.1 Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
11.3.1.1 Spherical and Random‐Shaped NPs
11.3.1.3 Cubic/Octahedral NPs
11.3.2 Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes
11.3.2.1 The Alkene Hydrogenation on Pt NPs
11.3.2.2 Alkene Hydrogenation on Shaped Bimetallic NPs
11.3.2.3 Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes on Shaped Bimetallic NPs
11.3.3 Selective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
11.3.3.1 The Synergy of Bimetallic Combinations
11.3.3.2 Capping Agent Effect
11.4 H2 Evolution Reaction
11.5.2.1 Promotion of Activity Arising from High Index Facets and Larger Surface Area
11.5.2.2 The Facet-Activity Relationship
12.1 Introduction to Plasmonics
12.2 Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles
12.3 Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles
12.3.1 Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles
12.3.2 Reversible Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles
12.3.3 Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles on Substrate
12.4 Plasmonics of Bimetallic Nanocrystals
12.4.1 Au–Ag Nanostructure
12.4.2 Au–Pd Nanostructure
12.4.3 Other Bimetallic Plasmonic Nanostructures
12.5 Application of Plasmonic Nanostructures
12.5.1 Bio-Imaging Application
12.5.2 Photothermal Application
12.5.3 Biodetection Based on SPR
13.1.1 Bimetallic SPR Sensors
13.1.2 Sensors Based on LSPR Peak Shift
13.1.2.1 LSPR Shift Induced by Binding of the Analytes with the Sensor
13.1.2.2 LSPR Sensors Based on Selective Etching of a Metallic Component from the Preformed Bimetallic Nanoparticles
13.1.2.3 LSPR Sensors Based on Enzyme‐Guided Metallic Crystal Growth
13.2 Bimetallic Sensors Based on Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
13.3 Electrochemical Sensors Based on Bimetallic Nanoparticles
13.3.1 Detection of Heavy Metal Ions
13.3.2 Detection of Uric Acid
13.3.3 Nonenzymatic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
13.3.4 Detection of Glucose
13.3.5 Electrochemical Immunosensors
13.3.6 Detection of other Electroactive Molecules
13.4 Sensors Based on the Enzyme‐Mimicking Properties of Bimetallic NPs
13.5 Sensors Based on Luminescent Bimetallic Nanoclusters
13.5.1 Detection of Heavy Metal Ions
13.5.2 Detection of Sulfide Anion
13.5.3 Detection of Other Small Molecules
Bimetallic Nanostructures
：Shape-Controlled Synthesis for Catalysis, Plasmonics, and Sensing Applications
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