Chapter
Part I An Overview of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice
Chapter 1 Intentional Inequalities and Compounding Effects: The State of Race and Justice Theory and Research
What We Know about Race and Justice
Future Directions for Race and Justice
Chapter 2 Ethnicity and Crime
Ethnicity as a Measurable Concept
Early Thinking on Ethnicity and Crime: Cultural and Structural Mechanisms
Ethnicity and Hispanic Cultural Mechanisms in the Later Twentieth‐Century United States
Embarking on (or Perhaps Revisiting) a New, Specialized Frontier
Macro-Level Findings on the Role of Ethnicity in Crime
Micro-Level Findings on the Role of Ethnicity and Crime
The Role of Ethnicity in Victimization Research
Ethnicity in Criminal Justice System Research
Future Directions and Challenges for Ethnicity and Crime Research
Chapter 3 Immigration, Crime, and Victimization in the US Context: An Overview
The Criminal Immigrant Narrative, 1800–2015
Challenging the Narrative: Do Immigrants Really Commit More Crime?
Immigrants and Gang Violence
Immigration and Crime in the Aggregate
Chapter 4 Hate Crime Research in the Twenty‐First Century
Hate Crime Data Collection
Limitations in Hate Crime Data Collection
Chapter 5 Native American Crime, Policing, and Social Context
History of Conquest and Removal
Law Enforcement on the Reservation
Crime Trends in Indian Country
Sociocultural Factors That Contribute to Social Dissonance
Research in Indian Country
Chapter 6 Crime and Delinquency among Asian American Youth: A Review of the Evidence and an Agenda for Future Research
Crime and Delinquency among Asian American Youth: A Better But Not Complete Picture
Risk and Protective Factors: Theoretical Perspectives, Methodological Approaches, and Empirical Findings
Future Research: Challenges and Opportunities
Chapter 7 Racial and Ethnic Threat: Theory, Research, and New Directions
Early Theory and Research
Empirical Research on Racial Threat and Social Control
Extensions and Recent Developments
Chapter 8 The Rise of Mass Deportation in the United States
Linking Immigration Policy to Repatriation
Deportation and Criminalization of Immigration
The Consequence Delivery System
The Migrant Border Crossing Study
Part II Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Criminal Justice
Chapter 9 Racisms and Crime: Racialized Elaborations of General Theories of Offending
Race Discrimination and Structural‐Level Perspectives on Street Offending
Race Discrimination and Individual‐Level Perspectives on Street Offending
Chapter 10 What Was Old Is New Again: An Examination of Contemporary Theoretical Approaches Used in Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice Research
Dominance of Traditional Theories of Crime and Delinquency
An Overview of Alternative Approaches: Critical and Marxist Theories
Intersectionality Concerns
The Future of Theoretical Perspectives on Race, Crime, and Justice: The Potential for Integrated Approaches
Chapter 11 Racial Threat and Police Coercion
Racial Threat and Dimensions of Police Coercion
Chapter 12 “Fractured Reflections” in Cooley’s Looking Glass: Nonrecognition of Self‐Presentation as Racialized Experience
First Interviewee: Robert, Corporate Vice President
Second Interviewee: George, Corporate Executive
Third Interviewee: Simon, Corporate Executive
Theoretical Implications of the Fracturing Phenomenon
Chapter 13 Examining the Intersections of Gender and Sexual Orientation within the Discipline: A Case for Feminist and Queer Criminology
An Overview of Feminist Criminology
Feminist Criminology in Practice
Part III Examining the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Criminal Justice System Involvement
Chapter 14 Policing Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
Overview of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity and Policing
Women, Race, and the Police
Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Profiling
Race, Gender, Ethnicity and Police Use of Force
Pertinent Law Cases for Further Review
Chapter 15 Ethnographic Reflexivity: Geographic Comparisons of Gangs and Policing in the Barrios of the Southwest
Geographically Comparative Ethnographies
The Urban Ethnographic Research Process
Chapter 16 Ethnicity, Immigration, and the Experience of Incarceration
Historical Context of Ethnicity, Immigration, and Incarceration
Understanding Disproportionate Contact with the Criminal Justice System
The Extent of Overrepresentation of Ethnic Minority Groups in Prisons
Research into Ethnicity and Punishment
Incarceration of Immigrants and the Foreign‐Born Population
Broadening Our Focus on the Disparities in Punishment
Gender Differences in the Incarceration of Immigrants
The Sanctuary City versus the Criminalization of Status
A Call for Comparative Research
Chapter 17 The Puzzle of Prison Towns: Race, Rurality, and Reflexivity in Community Studies
Fieldwork in Forrest City
Is that a PhD in Street Pharmaceuticology?
Race and “Respectability,” or “Pull your pants up!”
When an Ethnographer Is Nearly Incarcerated
Discussion and Conclusion
Part IV Examining the Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in the Study of Crime and Criminal Justice
Chapter 18 LGBTQ Populations of Color, Crime, and Justice: An Emerging but Urgent Topic
Key Issues and Current Knowledge
Challenges to and Promising Strategies for Research
Chapter 19 Gender and Crime: Black Female Crime
Intersectionality, Crime, and the Importance of Studying Black Women’s Experiences
Patterns of Black Female Offending
Criminal Justice System Involvement of Black Women
Relationships, Offending, and Desistance
Black Women, Criminal Records, and Employment
Theoretical, Methodological, Substantive Issues
Chapter 20 Intersectionality, Immigration, and Domestic Violence
Legal History of Domestic Violence and Immigration
The Social Context of Immigration for Women
Immigration Status as a Domestic Violence Power and Control Mechanism
Battered Immigrant Women’s Help-Seeking Behaviors and Barriers
Chapter 21 A Case Study: Neighborhood Factors and Intimate and Non‐intimate Aggravated Assaults
Discussion and Conclusion
Part V Comparative Approaches to Studying Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice
The Criminalization of the Immigrant
Scholarship on the Effects of Repatriation
Consequences of Repatriation
Resiliency among Repatriates
Chapter 23 Mass Deportation: Forced Removal, Immigrant Threat, and Disposable Labor in a Global Context
Global Immigration, Enforcement, and Control
The American Deportation Regime
Impacts of Deportation on Sending Countries
Methodological Challenges
The Handbook of Race and Crime
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