Description
Nearly 90 percent of the earth's land surface is directly affected by human infrastructure and activities, yet less than 5 percent is legally "protected" for biodiversity conservation--and even most large protected areas have people living inside their boundaries. In all but a small fraction of the earth's land area, then, conservation and people must coexist. Conservation is a resource for all those who aim to reconcile biodiversity with human livelihoods. It traces the historical roots of modern conservation thought and practice, and explores current perspectives from evolutionary and community ecology, conservation biology, anthropology, political ecology, economics, and policy. The authors examine a suite of conservation strategies and perspectives from around the world, highlighting the most innovative and promising avenues for future efforts.
Exploring, highlighting, and bridging gaps between the social and natural sciences as applied in the practice of conservation, this book provides a broad, practically oriented view. It is essential reading for anyone involved in the conservation process--from academic conservation biology to the management of protected areas, rural livelihood development to poverty alleviation, and from community-based natural resource management to national and global policymaking.
Chapter
Box 2.2 Reserves: Their Comings and Goings in Peninsular Malaysia
Box 2.3 Coercive Conservation: Tigers, Lions, Carrots, and Sticks
2.4 Conservation “with a Human Face”
Box 2.4 The Evolution of Biosphere Reserves
Box 2.5 Sustainability—Mere Hopes about the Future
Box 2.6 The Ivory Wars: Debates over Utilization
2.5 The Rise of Community-Based Conservation
Box 2.7 Integrated Conservation and Developmentin Action: Annapurna
CHAPTER 3 The Natural Science behind it All
3.2 From Natural History Comes Ecology and its Golden Age
Box 3.1 Stability and Equilibrium
Box 3.2 Maximum Sustainable Yield
3.3 Things Get Messy: Disturbance and Disequilibrium
Box 3.3 Stability, Pastoralism, and Opportunism
Box 3.4 Adaptive Management
Box 3.5 Ecological Sustainability: Still a Slippery Term
3.4 A Brave New Science: Conservation Biology
3.5 The Fire-Brigade Discipline Comes of Age
3.6 Conservation Planning
Box 3.6 Prioritizing Conservation Efforts
CHAPTER 4 Indigenous Peoples as Conservationists
4.2 Cultural and Biological Diversity
Box 4.1 Cultural and Biological Diversity in Central and Southern America
4.3 Guardians of Biodiversity
Box 4.2 Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Adaptive Management
4.4 Ecological Impacts of Traditional Ways of Life
Box 4.4 Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Extinctions
4.5 The Long Shadow of an Ecologically Noble Savage
Box 4.5 Transitions in Ecological Noble Savage Thinking
Box 4.6 The Kayapó Controversy
4.6 Revisiting Cultural and Biological Diversity
CHAPTER 5 Conservation and Self-Interest
5.2 An Evolutionary Viewpoint
5.3 Design of a Conservation Act
Box 5.1 Prudent Predators?
5.4 An Intention to Conserve
Box 5.2 Family Hunting Territories in Subarctic Canada
Box 5.3 Humans as Top Predators
5.6 Conservation—Where, When, and Why?
Box 5.4 Selling the Forest for Instant Returns
5.7 Expanding the Toolkit
Box 5.5 Studying Hunting with Hunters in Paraguay’s Mbaracayú Reserve
Box 5.6 Evolutionary Aesthetics and the “Savanna Hypothesis”
CHAPTER 6 Rational Fools and the Commons
6.2 The Rational Fool Fumbles the Common Good
Box 6.1 Freedom in the Commons Brings Ruin to All
Box 6.2 Changes in the Management of the Kenya Orma Commons
Box 6.3 Experimental Games in Economics
Box 6.4 Asymmetries among Herders: The Barabaig Case
6.5 Culture, Norms, and Cooperation
Box 6.5 Coordinating the Subaks of Bali
6.6 The Study of Common-Property Institutions
6.7 Property Rights, Management, and Sustainable Outcomes
Box 6.6 Reviving Traditions in Sagarmatha National Park
Box 6.7 Social Forestry: Biharand Beyond
CHAPTER 7 The Bigger Picture
7.2 What is Political Ecology?
Box 7.1 The Hen Has Starting Crowing
7.3 Tropical Forest Destruction and Population Growth
7.4 Biodiversity and its Human Dimensions
Box 7.4 Forest Islands in Guinea: Are They Man-Made?
7.5 Community as a Casualty
Box 7.6 Co-Managementin a Landscape of Resistance: The Case of Alaska’s Yup’ik
CHAPTER 8 Local People and International Conservation
8.2 Indigenous Movements and Conservationists
Box 8.1 Chipko: Grassroots Environmentalism with a Sting in its Tail
8.3 Room for Alliance, or Cover for Dalliance?
Box 8.2 Environmentalists Find Common Cause with Rainforest Dayak Peoples
Box 8.3 Enforced Primitivism and the “Bushman Problem”
Box 8.4 “Forget about Gola Forest!”
8.4 Bioprospecting or Biopiracy?
Box 8.5 Drug Development and Conservation in West and Central Africa
8.6 Conservation through Self-Determination
Box 8.6 Whatever Happened to PEMASKY?
8.7 The View from the Other Side
CHAPTER 9 Global Issues, Economics, and Policy
9.2 Ecological Economics and Environmental Valuation
Box 9.1 Does Kenya Profit from Protectionism? Ecological Economic Calculations
9.3 Business—Dancing with the Devil?
Box 9.2 Harnessing the International Market: Innovative Incentive Mechanisms
Box 9.3 The Business of Game Ranching
9.4 Buyinga Nature Reserve
9.5 International Policy Initiatives: Who Pays?
Box 9.4 Debt-for-Nature Swaps
CHAPTER 10 From How to Think to How to Act
10.2 Protectionism in the Name of Science
10.3 Protected Area Outreach
Box 10.1 Outreach in Tanzania
10.4 Conservation Education
Box 10.2 The Saint Lucia Parrot’s Comeback
Box 10.3 Trouble in Paradise? The Galápagos Archipelago
10.6 Integrated Conservation and Development
Box 10.4 “A Lemur Will Have to Meet You at the Airport”: The ICD Project at Ranomafana
Box 10.5 CAMPFIRE under Fire
Box 10.6 Extraction and the Maya Biosphere Reserve
10.8 Monitoring and Evaluation
CHAPTER 11 Red Flags: Still Seeing Things in Black and White?
11.2 No Development without Tears, and Other Debates
Box 11.1 Working for Water in South Africa
11.3 Integrative and Novel Solutions
Community-Based Protected Areas
Box 11.2 Flagging the Várzea in Brazil’s Mamirauá Reserve
Box 11.3 Even in the Last Place on Earth: Exploitation and Conservation in Nouabalé Ndoki
Box 11.4 Co-management in Australia’s Kakadu National Park
Box 11.5 Fisheries Co-management in the Philippines: The Case of San Salvador
Participation and Capacity-Building
11.4 Spatial Scale and Integrating Conservation and Development
11.5 Means and Ends: The Many Orthogonal Axes of Conservationin Practice
Conservation
：Linking Ecology, Economics, and Culture
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