Chapter
Preface to the First Edition
Use of Reference -Laboratories and -Regulations for -Transport
Taxonomy and Nomenclature
PART I Direct Microscopic Examination of Clinical Specimens
Tissue Reactions to Fungal Infection
Acute Suppurative Inflammation and Microabscesses
Granulomatous Inflammation (Granulomas)
Angioinvasion, Infarction, and Necrosis
Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon
Guide to Interpretation of Direct Microscopic Examination
Mycetoma (Actinomycotic or Eumycotic)
Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis)
Miscellaneous Hyalohyphomycoses (Other than Aspergillosis)
Dermatophytosis (Tinea, Ringworm)
Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis)
PART II Identification of Fungi in Culture
Guide to Identification of Fungi in Culture
MONOMORPHIC YEASTS AND YEASTLIKE ORGANISMS
THERMALLY DIMORPHIC FUNGI
THERMALLY MONOMORPHIC MOULDS
Introduction to Filamentous Bacteria
Nocardiopsis dassonvillei
Yeasts and Yeastlike Organisms
Introduction to Yeasts and Yeastlike Organisms
Candida parapsilosis complex
Candida kefyr* (formerly Candida pseudotropicalis)
Candida rugosa species complex
Candida guilliermondii complex
Candida lipolytica* (Yarrowia lipolytica)
Candida glabrata complex* (formerly Torulopsis glabrata)
Candida haemulonii (haemulonis) complex
Cryptococcus gattii (formerly C. neoformans var. gattii )
Sporobolomyces salmonicolor
Wickerhamomyces anomalus (sexual state; formerly Pichia anomala and Hansenula anomala); Candid
Blastoschizomyces capitatus
Thermally Dimorphic Fungi
Introduction to Thermally Dimorphic Fungi
Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristi
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei
Sporothrix schenckii complex
Thermally Monomorphic Moulds
Introduction to Mucormycetes
Lichtheimia corymbifera complex* (formerly Absidia corymbifera)
Cunninghamella bertholletiae
Syncephalastrum racemosum
Introduction to Dematiaceous Fungi
Pleurostomophora richardsiae
Phaeoacremonium parasiticum
Cladophialophora carrionii
Cladophialophora bantiana
Scedosporium spp. complex
Exophiala jeanselmei complex
Exophiala dermatitidis (Wangiella dermatitidis)
Hortaea werneckii (Phaeoannellomyces werneckii)
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
Botrytis spp. (Botrytis cinerea)
Stachybotrys chartarum (S. alternans, S. atra)
Introduction to Dermatophytes
Latin Terms for Dermatophyte Infections
Microsporum canis var. canis
Microsporum canis var. distortum
Microsporum gypseum complex
Microsporum vanbreuseghemii
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton schoenleinii
Introduction to Hyaline Hyphomycetes
Hormographiella aspergillata
Aspergillus fumigatus complex
Aspergillus niger complex
Aspergillus flavus complex
Aspergillus calidoustus (previously considered Aspergillus ustus)
Aspergillus tanneri (sp. nov.)
Aspergillus nidulans complex
Aspergillus terreus complex
Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly Paecilomyces lilacinus)
Acremonium spp. (formerly Cephalosporium spp.)
Chrysonilia sitophila (formerly Monilia sitophila)
PART III Basics of Molecular Methods for Fungal Identification
Overview of Classic Molecular Identification Methods
Selected Current Molecular Methodologies
Amplification and Non-Sequencing-Based Identification Methods
Sequencing-Based Identification Methods
Applications of DNA Sequencing
Commercial Platforms and Recently Developed Techniques
Selected References for Further Information
PART IV: Laboratory Technique
Collection and Preparation of Specimens
Methods for Direct Microscopic Examination of Specimens
Macroscopic Examination of Cultures
Microscopic Examination of Growth
Procedure for Identification of Yeasts
Direct Identification of Yeasts from Blood Culture (by PNA FISH)
Isolation of Yeast When Mixed with Bacteria
Germ Tube Test for the Presumptive Identification of Candida albicans
Rapid Enzyme Tests for the Presumptive Identification of Candida albicans
Olive Oil Disks for Culturing Malassezia spp.
Conversion of Thermally Dimorphic Fungi in Culture
Sporulation Inducement Method for Apophysomyces and Saksenaea
In Vitro Hair Perforation Test (for Differentiation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophy
Germ Tube Test for Differentiation of Some Dematiaceous Fungi
Temperature Tolerance Testing
Maintenance of Stock Fungal Cultures
Acid-Fast Modified Kinyoun Stain for Nocardia spp.
Acid-Fast Stain for Ascospores
Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS) Stain
Gram Stain (Hucker Modification)
Lactophenol Cotton Blue with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) (Huber’s PVA Mounting Medium, Modified*)
Rehydration of Paraffin-Embedded Tissue (Deparaffination)
Assimilation Media (for Yeasts)
Birdseed Agar (Niger Seed Agar; Staib Agar)
Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar
Buffered Charcoal-Yeast Extract (BCYE) Agar
Canavanine Glycine Bromothymol Blue (CGB) Agar
Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM)
Fermentation Broth for Yeasts
Inhibitory Mould Agar (IMA)
Leeming-Notman Agar (Modified)
Middlebrook Agar Opacity Test for Nocardia farcinica
Nitrate Broth (for Nitrate Reduction Test)
Polished Rice, or Rice Grain, Medium
Potato Dextrose Agar and Potato Flake Agar
Rapid Assimilation of Trehalose (RAT) Broth
Rapid Sporulation Medium (RSM)
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with 15% NaCl
Tyrosine, Xanthine, or Hypoxanthine Agar
Yeast Extract-Phosphate Agar with Ammonia
Larone’s Medically Important Fungi
：A Guide to Identification
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